建筑学-城市规划专业英语翻译英汉15

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1、学院建筑学院班级城市规划2011-1姓名学号课程名称专业外语2学期2013-2014第二学期成绩2专业外语2姓名：学号：页码:2ReadingMaterialAReducetheNeedtoTravelthroughPlanningTravelistraditionallyviewedasaderiveddemand,withtheco.stsoftravelbeingoutweighedbythebenefitsderivingfromtheactivityundertakenatthedestination(forexample,shoppingorwork).Thiswouldsu

2、ggestthattraveld.istancesshouldbeasshortaspossible,butthishasnotbeenthecaseandtraveldistanceshavebeenincreasing.Reducingtheneedtotravelisimportantforeconomicreasonsastravelisnotaproductiveactivity,butacostdirectlyincurredbythetravellerorindirectlyincurredbytheconsumerthroughhighprices.Astransport

3、isamajoruserofenergyandproducerofpollution,therearestrongenvironmentalreasonstoreducetheamountoftravel,particularlybymotorisedformsoftransport.Noteveryonehasequalaccesstothecarandsotherearesocialreasonswhytriplengthsshouldbekeptshort,asthismakesiteasierforthemajoritywithouttheirowncartogettothewi

4、destpossiblerangeofopportunities.Inaddition,transportproducesarangeofnegativeexternalities(includingaccidents,landconsumption,noise,visualintrusionandcommunitvseverance)whichwouldallbereducediftherewaslesstravel.Forallofthesereasons,itdoesseemessentialthattheneedfortravelshouldbereduced.Thereisno

5、wageneralrealizationbymostcommentators,butperhapsnotyetbythegeneralpublic,thatitisnolongerpossibleordesirabletomeetexpectedlevelsofroadtrafficdemandbyfurtherroadconstruction.ThereiscurrentlyahealthydebatewithinthetransportIiteratureaboutlookingatwaystoreducetheneedtotravel.Twobasicargumentsfoimth

6、efocusofattention.Ontheonehand,therearetheeconomistswhosaythatthepriceoftravelistoolowandthemeanstoreducetheamountoftravelistoincreasethatprice.Thealternativestrategiestoroadpricingwouldincluderaisingthepriceoffuelandparkingcharges.Themainalternativetotheuseofthepricingmechanismisthroughgreaterus

7、eoftheplanningsystem.Obviously,anystrategywhichislikelytohaveasignificantimpactwilluseacombinationofapproachesinvolvingbothpricingandPlanninglevers.TheimportanceofthenewPlanningPolicyGuidance13-Transportcannotbeurtdere