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1、CHAPTERONE:EVOLUTIONANDTRENDSARTICLE:TheEvolutionofModernUrbanPlanningIt’sverydifficulttogiveadefinitiontomodernurbanplanning,fromorigintotoday,modernurbanplanningismorelikeanevolvingandchangingprocess,anditwillcontinueevolvingandchanging.Originally,
2、modernurbanplanningwasemergedtoresolvetheproblemsbroughtbyIndustrialRevolution;itwasphysicalandtechnicalwithfocusonland-use.Thenwiththeeconomic,social,politicalandtechnicaldevelopmentforoveronehundredyears,today’scityisacomplexsystemwhichcontainsmany
3、elementsthatarerelatedtoeachother.Andurbanplanningisnotonlyrequiredtoconcernwiththebuildenvironment,butalsorelatemoretoeconomic,socialandpoliticalconditions.这是非常困难的给予定义，以现代城市规划，从起源到今天，现代城市规划更像是一个不断发展和变化的过程，它会继续发展和变化。本来，现代城市规划的出现，以解决工业革命所带来的问题，它是物理和与土
4、地利用的重点技术。然后，随着经济，社会，政治和技术超过百年的发展，今天的城市是一个复杂的系统包含哪些是相互关联的许多内容。而城市规划不仅要关注与构建环境，而且还涉及更多的经济，社会和政治条件。Inhumanhistory,IndustrialRevolutionisalwaysviewedasaturningpointbecauseitbroughttremendouschangestotheworld.Atthebeginning,itwasjustlikeamythbecausemachin
5、ecouldproducemanufacturedgoodsmorequicklythanthehumanhand.Followingthat,alargenumberoffactoriesappearedandalargeamountofpeoplelefttheiragriculturelandtothefactories.Thisprocessiscalledindustrialization.Itbroughtwiththerapideconomicgrowth,theexpansion
6、ofcityandtheimmigrationofpopulation.Largescalepopulationgrowthincityandwithoutanyplanningcausedmanyproblems,especiallyinthelivingcondition——theindustrialcitiesbecamedrab,polluted,unsafeandunhealthy.在人类历史上，工业革命总是视为一个转折点，因为它带来的巨大变化给世界。一开始，它简直就像一个神话，因为机
7、器可以生产制成品的速度比人的手。随后，大量的工厂出现，大量的人离开了他们的农业土地给工厂。这个过程被称为产业化。它带来了经济的快速增长，城市扩张和人口移民。大规模的城市，没有任何规划人口增长造成了许多问题，特别是在生活条件-工业城市成为单调，污染，不安全和不健康的。Withsocialreformmovement,earlymodernurbanplanningwasconcentratedondealingwiththeproblemsofhousing,sanitationandinfras
8、tructure,andthespreadofcholeraandotherwaterbornediseases.Duringthatperiod,theideaofplanningwastocreateapleasant,self-containedenvironmentprovidingforwork,settlement,andleisure,throughcarefulandexpertdesign.AfamousexampleisHoward’sGardenCity;itplanned
