英汉翻译技巧 (2).ppt

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1、第四章英译汉常用的方法和技巧（上）第一节词义的选择、引申和褒贬一、词义的选择英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。（一）根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义Iwillbehappytoanswerquestionsattheend.Thequestionis,doItakethejobinJapan,orstayhere?He’sbyfarthebest,there’snoquestionaboutit.Iwasquestionedbythepoliceforsixhours.Thesocialor

2、derofantsisveryinteresting.Everythinginthehouseisingoodorder.TheyaresaidtohaveorderedmoregrainfromCanada.Thebossorderedthattheworkshouldbedoneontime.Haveyouorderedyet,madam?（二）根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义Jim’salwaystakinginstrayanimals.Thispricetakesinthe

3、costofalltheaccommodationandfood.ItoldGrandpaweweregoingaway,butIdon’tthinkhetookitin.Don’tbetakeninbyproductsclaimingtohelpyouloseweightinaweek.Theywilltakeinthesightsofthecitytomorrow.Theschooltakesinatnineandletsoutatfour.二、词义的引申从词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引申，选择比

4、较恰当的汉语词来表达。（一）将词义作抽象化的引申Asfarasheadgoes,sheisanexcellentstudent.Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.Thereisamixtureofthetigerandtheapeinhisnature.Weinsistthatinternationaltradeshouldnotbeaone-waystreet.（二）将词义作具体化的引申Thereweremanyprettyskirtsintheclass.Couldyou

5、givemeahand?三、词义的褒贬语言本身虽没有阶级性，但在具体使用时不可能不为一定的阶级服务。（一）英语中有些词本身就有褒贬意义，汉译时就应相应地表达出来。Hewasamanofhighrenown.Hisnotorietyasarakedidnotcomeuntilhisdeath.（二）英语中有些词义是中立的，本身不表示褒义或贬义，但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬的意味，汉译时就应该用具有褒贬意味的相应的词来表达。MaoZedongshowedhisgreatambitionsevenwhenh

6、ewasyoung.Thepolicemanwasbraveenoughtoarrestthemurderersingle-handed.Weareproudofourmotherland.Hitler’sambitiontooverranthewholeEuropeandthewholeworldwasseenclearly.Iftheprisonerwerebraveenoughtoescape,justshoothimdead.Heissoproudthathealwayslookdownupo

7、nallhisclassmates.生词推测前后文间的并列、递进、转折、类比、因果等逻辑关系有助于确定生词的含义。Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisanunsociablepersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesortomakenewfriends.Theideaisnotonlysilly.Itispreposterous.BecauseofMary’santagonisticnature,shefindsitdifficulttomakefr

8、iends.ExercisesLikeknowslike.Heisthelastmantocome.Heisthelastmantodoit.Healwayssitsontheveryedgeofhischairwhenheisworking,asthoughabouttotakeoff.ThecarinfrontofmestalledandImissedthegreen.Asademandingboss,heexpectedtotalloyaltyan