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1、ExecutiveSummaryExtractedfromNISTNCSTAR1-4(Draft)FederalBuildingandFireSafetyInvestigationoftheWorldTradeCenterDisasterActiveFireProtectionSystems(Draft)EXECUTIVESUMMARYIntheeventofafireinabuilding,thesafetyofoccupantsandfirstrespondersandtheprotectionofpropertyisaccomplishedthroughacombinatio

2、nofpassiveandactivemeans.Apassivefireprotectionsystemisonewhichisanintegralpartofthebuildinglayoutandmaterialsofconstruction,suchaspartitionstoconfinethefire,astairwaytoassistrapidevacuation,orspray-onfireproofingtoincreasethefireresistanceofaload-bearingsteelstructure.Activefireprotectionsyst

3、emsaredesignedtocomeintoplayonlywhenafireispresentandrequireactivationthroughacombinationofsensorsormechanicalmeans.TheactivefireprotectionsystemsinWorldTradeCenter(WTC)1,2,and7consistedoffiresensorsandalarms,notificationsystems,sprinklers,watersupplies,andsmokemanagementsystems.Activeandpassi

4、vefireprotectionsystemsworktogethertocontrolthespreadofthefireandmaintaintheintegrityofthestructure;however,thefiredepartmentisalwaysreliedupontofullyextinguishthefireandrescueoccupantswhomaybeimmobilized.TheautomaticfiresprinklersystemsinWTC1,2,and7werethefirstlineofdefense.Waterstoredinthebu

5、ildingfrompublicsourcesorpumpedfromfireapparatuswassuppliedthroughdedicatedpipingtotheareaofthefire.Alsopresentinthebuildingswerehoses,preconnectedtoawatersupplythroughstandpipeslocatedinthestairwellsandotherutilityshafts.ThestandpipesprovidedhoseconnectionsateachfloorforTheFireDepartmentofthe

6、CityofNewYork(FDNY).Inaddition,standpipepreconnectedhoseswereinstalledfortrainedoccupantstomanuallysuppressfires.Theheartofthefiredetectionsystemwastheautomaticfirealarmandemergencynotificationsystem.Occupantsinthebuildingdependedonthissystemtodetectfiresandprovideinformationforemergencyevacua

7、tion.Capabilitieswerealsodesignedfortheventilationsystemtooperateinawaytopurgesmokeproducedbyfiresfromthebuilding.Smokepurgewasintendedtobeusedforpost-fireclean-upbutcouldbeusedduringafireeventatthediscretionoftheFDNY.Thisreportincludes