Inventory Management(仓储管理).ppt

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1、BeniAsllaniUniversityofTennesseeatChattanoogaInventoryManagementOperationsManagement-5thEditionChapter12RobertaRussell&BernardW.Taylor,IIICopyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.LectureOutlineElementsofInventoryManagementInventoryControlSystemsEconomicOrderQuantityModelsQuantityDiscountsReorderPointOrderQu

2、antityforaPeriodicInventorySystem2Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.WhatIsInventory?StockofitemskepttomeetfuturedemandPurposeofinventorymanagementhowmanyunitstoorderwhentoorder3Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.TypesofInventoryRawmaterialsPurchasedpartsandsuppliesWork-in-process(partiallycompleted)produ

3、cts(WIP)ItemsbeingtransportedToolsandequipment4Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryandSupplyChainManagementBullwhipeffectdemandinformationisdistortedasitmovesawayfromtheend-usecustomerhighersafetystockinventoriestoarestoredtocompensateSeasonalorcyclicaldemandInventoryprovidesindependencefromven

4、dorsTakeadvantageofpricediscountsInventoryprovidesindependencebetweenstagesandavoidsworkstop-pages5Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.TwoFormsofDemandDependentDemandforitemsusedtoproducefinalproductsTiresstoredataGoodyearplantareanexampleofadependentdemanditemIndependentDemandforitemsusedbyexternalcust

5、omersCars,appliances,computers,andhousesareexamplesofindependentdemandinventory6Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryandQualityManagementCustomersusuallyperceivequalityserviceasavailabilityofgoodstheywantwhentheywantthemInventorymustbesufficienttoprovidehigh-qualitycustomerserviceinTQM7Copyright

6、2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryCostsCarryingcostcostofholdinganitemininventoryOrderingcostcostofreplenishinginventoryShortagecosttemporaryorpermanentlossofsaleswhendemandcannotbemet8Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryControlSystemsContinuoussystem(fixed-order-quantity)constantamountorderedwhe

7、ninventorydeclinestopredeterminedlevelPeriodicsystem(fixed-time-period)orderplacedforvariableamountafterfixedpassageoftime9Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ABCClassificationClassA5–15%ofunits70–80%ofva