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1、1.ChapterOneTheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(450——1066)1.HistoricalbackgroundTheCelts〉theBrythons.TheIronAge.TheceremoniesofMayDayandthecultofmistletoe. From55BCto407AD,theRomanEmpire,aslavesociety.Londonwasfounded.LittleinfluenceontheculturallifeoftheCelts,Townwithnamesendingin“chester”or“caster”.DeBelloGa
2、llicobyJuliusCaesarandGermaniabyPubliusCorneliusTacitus 450AD,theAngles,Saxons,andJutes.“angul”meansahook;“seax”meansashortsword.Around500AD,theCelticKingArthurfoughtagainstCerdic,thefounderofthekingdomofWessex.Camelot,KingArthur’scapital. Later8th,theDanes,ortheVikings.KingAlfredtheGreatofWesse
3、x(849-899) Harold,thelastSaxonKing〉WilliamtheDukeofNormandy. 597,PopeGregorytheGreatsentSt.AugustinetoEnglandandthefirstconvertedkingwasKingEthelbertofKent. 2.NorthumbrianSchoolandWessexliterature——twohighlightsinthedevelopmentoftheAnglo-Saxonliterature.MonasteriesandabbeysinthekingdomofNorthumb
4、ria.Caedmoninthe7thturnedthestoriesintheBibleintoverseform——Paraphrase.InspiredbyGod.TheVenerableBede(673-735),wroteinLatinTheEcclesiasticalHistoryoftheEnglishPeoplefromCaesarto731.ItwasBedewhotoldaboutthestoryofCaedmon. ThereignofKingAlfred(871-899)First,LatinbooksintoWestSaxondialect.Itissaidt
5、hatKingAlfredtranslatedthehistoryofBede.Second,thelaunchingofTheAnglo-SaxonChronicle,fromCaesar’sconquestto1154.Third,createdastyleofAnglo-Saxonprosewhichwasnotobscure. 3.Anglo-SaxonpoetryTheearliestisWidsithandthelastisMaldon.BeowulfAsearlyasthe6thinoralformWrittendowninthe8th.Themanuscriptpres
6、erveddatesbacktothe10thandinWessexdialect.OnedatablefactinthepoemisaraidontheFranksbyGelacin520.3183lines. DanishKingHrothgarbuiltahallcalledHeorot.Grendelfor12years.Beowulf,nephewtoKingHygelacoftheGeats.With14companions.Hrothgar'sfriendAescherekilledbyGrendel'smother.KillingGrendel’smotherwitha
7、magicswordinthecave.Oneofthe12companions,Wiglaf,helpedBeowulfkillthedragon. Physicalstrengthdemonstrateshishighspiritualqualities.AmixtureofpaganismandChristianelements. OldEnglishPoetry:1.Thetechnicalstructure:1) Everyl
