文体与文体学

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1、ChapterOneStyleandStylisticsstylisticsstylelinguisticsE.g.(1)“Takeanegg,andmakeaperforationinthebaseandacorrespondingoneintheapex.Andthen,applythelipstotheaperture,andbyforciblyinhalingthebreath,theshellisentirelydischargedofitscontents.”“Itfairbeatsallhowfolksdothingsnowadays.

2、WhenIwasagal,theymadeaholeineachendandsucked.”E.g.(2)(1)Mybelovedparenthasjoinedtheheavenlychoir.(2)Mydearfatherhaspassedaway.(3)Myfatherhasdied.(4)Myoldmanhaskickedthebucket.I.ConceptsofStyle(1)Aperson’sdistinctivelanguagehabits,orthesetofindividualcharacteristicsoflanguageuse

3、e.g.Hemingway’sstyleHenryJames’sstyleMarkTwain’sstyle(2).Someorallofthelanguagehabitssharedbyagroupofpeopleatonetime,oroveraperiodoftime.e.g.Elizabethanstylethestyleoflegaldocumentthestyleofnewsreporting(3).Acharacteristicof“good”or“beautiful”literarywritings.e.g.ornatestyleter

4、sestyleplainstyle(4)Stylemayrefertotheeffectivenessofamodeofexpression,whichisimpliedinthedefinitionofstyleas‘sayingtherightthinginthemosteffectiveway’or‘goodmanners’,asa‘clear’or‘refined’styleadvocatedinmostbooksofcomposition.Definitionofstylewewillseesomemostinfluentialandrep

5、resentativeviewsofstyle.(英语文体学要略p11）Styleasform.（Aristotle）（formandcontent）Styleaseloquence.（Cicero）（skilltouselanguagepersuasively）（therelationwithrhetoric）Styleistheman.（Buffon）Styleaspersonalidiosyncrasy.（Murry）Sayingtherightthinginthemosteffectiveway.（Enkvist）Styleasthechoi

6、cebetweenalternativeexpressions.（Enkvist）Styleasequivalence.（RomanJacobson）（betweenformandfunction）Styleasforegrounding.（LeechMukarovsky）Styleasdeviation.（Mukarovsky&Spitzer）Styleasprominence.（Halliday）Styleastheselectionsfeaturespartlydeterminedbythedemandsofgenre,form,themes,

7、etc.（Traugott&Pratt）Styleaslinguisticfeaturesthatcommunicateemotionsandthought.（Enkvist）(见教材:P5-7)Mannerindicatingprominentlinguisticfeatures,devicesorpatterns,most(orleast)frequentlyoccurinaparticulartextofaparticularvarietyoflanguage.Themannerofexpressioninwritingorspeakingwh

8、ichchangesatalltimesaccordingtotheactualsituationalele