动物生理学7.能量代谢与体温

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1、EnergyMetabolismandBodyTemperature7.1EnergyMetabolism生物体内物质代谢过程中所伴随的能量的释放、转移、存储与利用，称为能量代谢（energymetabolism)EnergyMetabolismAssimilationmetabolismDissimilationmetabolismSubstantialmetabolismEnergymetabolism7.1.1Energysources&utilization7.1.1.1Energysources人和动物只能利用食物中蕴藏的化学能TheProductionan

2、dfunctionofATP(adenosinetriphosphate)Directdonatorofenergy:ATPReserveformofenergy:CP鸟氨酸Glucose(1mol):aerobicoxidationyields38molATP;anaerobicglycolysisyields2molATPFat:1mol6Cfattyacidyield44molATPProtein:rarelyusedasenergydonator糖是主要供能物质，它提供人体所需能量的50%~70%；其余的能量由脂肪提供。脂肪是体内能源物质贮存的主要形式。在糖和

3、脂肪供能不足时，蛋白质才分解用于提供能量。在被吸收的单糖中，葡萄糖占80%，通常所说的血糖是指血液中的葡萄糖。糖的分解代谢：glycolysis、aerobicrespiration,Oxygendebt脑组织所需能量一般均来自糖的有氧氧化FatisthemostconcentratedsourceoffoodenergyFatshavealittlemorethandoublethecaloriesthancarbohydratesandproteinshave.storedinadiposetissue(脂肪组织）andinmusclemuscleusesfatt

4、yacidsforfuelproduceATPmoreslowlythanCHOduringrest,provides>½theATP,butlittleduringintenseexerciseitserveswellinemergencies,whenthebodyisinneedofextrafuelFatisoftenassociatedwithcholesterolandhealthproblems.proteinsplitintoaminoacidsingut,absorbed,andtransportedbybloodfirstroleisprovidi

5、ngbuildingblocksformetabolicfunctionsandtissuebuildingprovides5-15%offuelforATPproduction7.1.1.2EnergyutilizationMorethan50%transfertoheat,Lessthan50%storeintheATP&CPUtilization:synthesis&growthnerveconductionmuscularcontractionglandularsecretionactiveabsorptionotherfunctions7.1.1.2Ener

6、gyBalanceNeutralenergybalanceiswhenthecaloriesyoutakeinisequaltothecaloriesexpended.Weightismaintained.Positiveenergybalanceiswhenthecaloriesyoutakeinisgreaterthanthecaloriesexpended.Weightisgainedandfatstoresareincreased.Negativeenergybalance:caloriesyoutakeinislessthanthecaloriesexpen

7、ded.Adipose,glycogen,andmusclecanbeusedforenergytomakeupthecaloricdeficiency.能量代谢率也称代谢率（metabolicrate,MR)是指机体单位时间内消耗的能量。7.1.2.1能量代谢的测定原理测热量的产生（机体不做功）测能量的产生7.1.2Measuringthemetabolicrate7.1.2.2与能量代谢有关的几个概念食物的热价(thermalequivalentoffood)：1g食物分解氧化时所释放的热量。有物理热价与生理热价，糖与脂肪的物理热价与生理热价相同