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TheAttributiveClause 2、先行词（Antecedent)：被定语从句所修饰的词。一、定语从句及相关概念1、在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句，叫做定语从句（TheAttributiveClause).3、关系词(Relatives)：引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。 二、关系词（Relatives)：关系代词;关系副词RelativePronouns:which,that,who,whom,whose,asRelativeAdverbs:when,where,why 三、基本原则：必须有先行词。I’llgowhereI’mneeded.I’llgototheplacewhereI’mneeded.√2.关系词必须在从句中充当一定成分。ThisisthegirlwhoisgoodatEnglish.s______3.定于从句一般紧跟先行词,但是要灵活把握隔离现象。 Thegirl(whoisstandingthere)isMary.RelativepronounantecedentThegirlisMary.Sheisstandingthere.Howtocombinetwosentencesintoanattributiveclause?1、找准主句，并确定先行词。2、找准关系词，来代替先行词四、合成含有定语从句的复合句： 五、Practice:1.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.→Theboy(whositsinfrontofme)isTom.2.Theteacherwillgiveusaspeech.Wemettheteacheryesterday.→Theteacher(whomwemetyesterday)willgiveusaspeech. 3.Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.→Doyoufindthepen(whichIwrotewithjustnow)?→Doyoufindthepen(withwhichIwrotejustnow)?4.Istillrememberthefirstday.Icametoschoolonthefirstday.→Istillrememberthefirstday(whenIcametoschool). 关系词先行词指关系词在从句中的作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表、定（偶）who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语 **由关系代词引导的定语从句1先行词和关系代词在从句中担任的语法成分先行词主语宾语/表语定语人who,thatwhom(who),thatwhose,ofwhom物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich2、Introductiontoattributiveclauses(Page8) Exercises:指出关系代词/副词在从句中的成分：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()主语宾语定语 4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()5.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.()6.Weshallneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.()宾语状语宾语 Thegirlwho/thatisstandingthereisMary.Sheisthegirlwho/whom/thatImettoday.Thedoctortowhomshesentherfriendisveryfamous.（1）指人的关系代词：who/that(主语)who/whom/that（宾语,可省略）1、关系代词前有介词，只能用whom指代人,作介词的宾语。2、指人时,更多用who/whom，that较少用。3、做宾语的关系代词可省略。4、作宾语时，用whom较who正式 以下情况，只用who,不用thata.当先行詞是those/she/he/they等代詞时,关系代詞用who.1.Thosewhowerelateforclassraiseyourhands.Attention2.Hewhodoesn’tgototheGreatWallisnotatrueman. b.在therebe开头的句中用who指人Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyouattheschoolgate.但是在以who开头的特殊疑问句中，为避免重复只用that而不用whoWhoisthegirlthatiscrying? （2）指物的关系代词：which/that(主语/宾语)3.DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?1.Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.2.Thisrecorderwhich/thatheisusingismadeinJapan.Tips:1、介词后，关系代词只用which.2、做宾语可以省略。3、指物时，较多用which，较少that. Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it 为以下情况时，只用that,不用whicha.先行词为不定代词all,few,little,much,everything，anything，nothing,none…Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.b.先行词被all,any,every,each,few,no,little,some等修饰时。 d.先行词被theonly,thevery,justthe,thelast修饰时。c.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。ThisisthebestbookthatI’veeverread.ItistheverybookthatIwanttoreadatpresent. e.先行词同时指人和指物时。1.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.2.Lastsummerholiday,Iwentbacktomyhometown,onlytofindtheneighborsandhousesthatIusedtobefamiliarwithweregone. f.在以which开头的的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，用that.g.主句以therebe开头，先行词指物.Whichofthebooksthatwereborrowedfromthelibraryisyours?Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree. 以下情况只用which而不用thatb.在介词之后ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.Cf.Thisisthepen(that/which)Iwrotetheletterwith.a.在非限制性定语从句中Thepen,whichIboughtyesterday,ismissing. 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系：Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配：CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure?根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯：1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.关系代词前的介词的确定 Fillintheblankswithproperpreps.1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?withoutaboutonfor （3）whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物。1.Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?2.Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Cf.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.=Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue. Ⅱ.情况：（4）关系代词的省略Ⅰ.条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾。Hereistheman(that)youhavebeenlookingfor. 当先行词是way时，引导词为inwhich/that,此时，关系代词可以省略。2.Theheadmasterpraisedtheway(that/inwhich)hewalked.1.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youtalktome. (4)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前常有thesame,such,as,so等修饰词,在句中充当主语或宾语，但不省略。Ihaveneverreadsuchagoodbookasyouarereading.Itisasinterestingabookasyoureadyesterday.3.IsawthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.Cf.IsawthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.同一辆自行车 as引导非限制性定于从句时，常用来说 明主句的内容，与which的区别是:1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时用as。Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected. 3.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown,besaid，bereported等,如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.4.as引导定于从句时，常可以翻译成“就像……那样”Asweallknow,heisacleverboy. **由关系副词引导的定语从句：在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，why的先行词时reason,分别在定语从句中做状语。AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown__hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when=inwhich Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.重复现象^theone缺先行词^to缺少逻辑关系____which句子成分分析 5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.^when____that/which____ 9.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.并列连词及标点符号 13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.16.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.从句中的主谓一致 17.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.18.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.19.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous. 20.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.21.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.22.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory?23.ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis.__on
