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1、TheAttributiveClause一、基本概念:在主从复合句中,放在某一名词,代词后面,对名词,代词起修饰,限制,补充说明的句子,也被称为形容词性从句,其中被修饰的名词,代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能,分为关系代词,关系副词,关系词一方面引导从句,把主句与从句联接起来,另一方面它们代替先行词在句中充当一定的成分。关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词:when,where,why限制性定语从句译为“…的…”非限制性定语从句译为并列句I、限制性定语从句关系代词:
2、1.作主语:指人(who,that);指物(which,that)Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.Thegirlthat/whoissittingbythewindowismysister.Thepersonthat/wholeavestheroomlastshouldturnoffthelights.Notice:1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语,关系代词不能省略。2)ThestudentswhoaresingingbelongtoClassTwo.关系代词在定语从句中作主语,从句中谓语动词应和先行词保持一
3、致。Eg:I,who_____yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyou.(be)TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthat______lotsofvisitors.(draw)TheGreatwallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththat_______seenfromthemoon.(be)3)oneof+复数名词+定语从句结构中,如果先行词在定语从句中作主语,从句谓语动词用复数;如果其前有the或theonly修饰,从
4、句谓语动词用单数。2.作宾语:关系代词可作动词或介词的宾语,如果先行词是人,可以用who,that,whom,而且可以省略;如果先行词是物,可以用which,that,也可以省略,但是如果作介词宾语,介词提前的话,指人只能用whom,指物只能用which.e.g.Theprofessorwhomyouwanttoseeisinthelab.Istillremembertheplacethat/whichwevisitedlastyear.Thehousewhich/thathelivesinisverybeautiful.Thehousei
5、nwhichhelivesisverybeautiful.有些固定搭配,介词不能提前lookafter,lookfor等。3.作表语:先行词在定语从句中作表语,不管是人,是物都用that,而且可以省略。e.g.Myhometownisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.Helenlookslikethegirl(that)shewastenyearsago.4.作定语:whose(指人或指物,后面直接加名词,且名词前不能有冠词)e.g.Thisisthelabwhosewindowsfacesouth.Heis
6、themanwhosecarwasstolenlastyear.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable,A.itspriceB.whichpriceC.thepriceofwhomD.whosethepriceE.ofwhichtheprice5.关系代词as可以指人,也可以指物,在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,先行词常有such,thesame修饰或者先行词本身就是such,thesame.1)先行词前有such修饰或such本身为先行词。e.g.Suchpe
7、opleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.ThebookisnotsuchasIexpect.Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.Notice:区分such…as…定语从句与such…that…结果状语从句。2)先行词前有thesame修饰或thesame本身为先行词,关系代词用as.e.g.Thisisthesamepenthat/asIlostyesterday.Heisnol
8、ongerthesamemanashewastenyearsago.Heisnolongerthemanthathewastenyearsago.如果先行词前有thesame修饰