Grammar The Attributive Clause

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1、GrammarTheAttributiveClause定语从句,又称关系从句,在句中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词。例︰1）Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.2）TheschoolwhereIworkisnotfarfromhere.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,上面两句中的woman和school就是先行词。定语从句就放在先行词之后。但有时它们中间会插入别的成分,如,Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who（whom,whose）和关系副词when,

2、where,why.关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分,别如主语,宾语,定语和状语等。一、关系代词的用法1.that指物，有时也指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，也可以作表语。作宾语或表语时可以被省略。a)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.(主，物)b)Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?(主，人)c)Thisisthebuilding(that)webuiltlastyear.(宾，物)d)Heisnottheman(that)heusedtobe.(表，人)

3、2.which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。a)Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofthewords.b)Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.Note----只用that的情况。⑴先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词或被all,every,no,some,any,little,much所修饰时。例：Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou..Thatisall(

4、that)Iknow.Thereisnotmuchthatcanbedone.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.⑵先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thisisthefirstnovel(that)hehaswritten.⑶先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame修饰时。Thatredflowerisonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttoread.⑷先行词有两个或两个以上分别表示

5、人或物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandtheschoolsthattheyhadvisited.⒊who,whom,whose指人，在从句中分别作主，宾，定。其中whom常可省略，并常可在口语中用who替代。whose也可指物。a.Theboywhoisplayingonthegrassishisbrother.b.Whoistheman(whom)youjusttalkedto?c.Whatisthenameoftheboywhosebrotherisasinger?d.ThisisthebookwhosecoverIlikebest.-----

6、thecoverofwhich4.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间，为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，如：a.Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.（或：Thisistheroomwhichwelivedinlastyear.)b.Whoisthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?（或：Whoisthemanwhomyoujustshookhandswith?）*但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词能放在介词的后面。a.Ist

7、histhebookwhichshewanlookingfor?b.Themanwhomheislookingafterishisfather.关系代词that,who在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的面前，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。a.Themanwhoyouweretalkingabouthascometoourschool.b.Theroomthatshelivesinisalargeone.*在定语从句中作介词的关系代词whom,which在被省略的情况下，介词不能前置。