地应力技术研究裂缝的渗透性

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1、FracturePermeabilityFromaJointtoaFaultFaultingiskeytoincreasingthepermeabilityofaformationTheCriticallyStressedFractureConceptPre-existingfracturesandfaultsareveryimportantincontrollingpermeabilityinmanyreservoirsModeIIandIIIfracturesthatareoptimallyorientedtotoday’sstressfieldtobeopeninshea

2、r(criticallystressedfractures)providethepermeablepathwaysforfluidflow.ModeIfractures(openingmodejoints)areunlikelytobeasimportantincontrollingflowasmodeIIandIIIshearfractures(faults)inmanyreservoirsunlesseffectivestressisextremelylow(i.e.,porepressureisclosetolithostatic).Wellboreimageloggin

3、gisneededtoprovidedetailedinformationaboutfracturesatdepth.The3-Dstressstateisanessentialcomponentoftheanalysisofcriticallystressedfracturesandfaults.Doesnotpredictfractureorientationsanddensities3-DMohrCirclets1s2s3Friction(m)s1s2s3s1s2s3tFriction(m)Friction(m)SHEARSTRESSEFFECTIVENORMNALSTR

4、ESSSHEARSTRESStSHEARSTRESSEFFECTIVENORMNALSTRESSConventionalThinking(veryrareinnature)FracturePermeabilityMechanismsMapviewoffracturesHydraulicallyConductive,CriticallyStressed(RepeatedFaultSlipIsPreservingPermeability)HydraulicallyNon-Conductive;StableFaultsMohr-CoulombCriterionRelationship

5、BetweenCritically-StressedFracturesandFluidFlowPermeableFractureImpermeableFractureCorrelationBetweenNaturalFracturesandReservoirFluidFlowFractureDiscriminationBasedonThermalPerturbationsintheBoreholeStatistically,thehydraulicallyconductivefracturesdisplayinganenhancementinpermeabilityareals

6、ocriticallystressedBusinessImpact–PermeabilityEnhancementOptimizingwelltrajectoriestointersectpermeablefracturesetscanincreaseproductionratesbyanorderofmagnitude.Withknowledgeofthedistributionofcriticallystressedfracturesets,operatorscanoptimizehydrauliccommunicationwiththereservoir,ANDcansu

7、ccessfullyimplementenhancedrecoveryandredrillingstrategies.Understandingcriticallystressedfracturedistributioninreservoirscanhelptoavoidcostlydrillingproblemsassociatedwithcasingshear.PermeabilityofFracturedReservoirs-WorkflowNaturalFractureCharac