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1、Russell’squotesUntilveryrecently,itwasuniversallybelievedthatmenarecongenitallymoreintelligentthanwomen;evensoenlightenedamanasSpinozadecidesagainstvotesforwomenonthisground.Amongwhitemen,itisheldthatwhitemenarebynaturesuperiortomenofothercolors,andespeciallytoblackmen;inJapan,onthecontrar
2、y,itisthoughtthatyellowisthebestcolor.InHaiti,whentheymakestatuesofChristandSatan,theymakeChristblackandSatanwhite.AristotleandPlatoconsideredGreekssoinnatelysuperiortobarbariansthatslaveryisjustifiedsolongasthemasterisGreekandtheslavebarbarian.(U.E.p88)Christsaid'Thoushaltlovethyneighbora
3、sthyself,'andwhenasked'whoisthyneighbor?'9wentontotheparableoftheGoodSamaritan.IfyouwishtounderstandthisparableasitwasunderstoodbyHishearers,youshouldsubstitute'German'or'Japanese'for'Samaritan.'Ifearmanypresent-dayChristianswouldresentsuchasubstitution,becauseitwouldcompelthemtorealizehow
4、fartheyhavedepartedfromtheteachingoftheFounderoftheirreligion.(U.E.p136)Hascivilizationtaughtustobemorefriendlytowardsoneanother?Theansweriseasy.Robins(theEnglish,nottheAmericanspecies)peckanelderlyrobintodeath,whereasmen(theEnglish,nottheAmericanspecies)giveanelderlymananold-agepension.Wi
5、thintheherdwearemorefriendlytoeachotherthanaremanyspeciesofanimals,butinourattitudetowardsthoseoutsidetheherd,inspiteofallthathasbeendonebymoralistsand9religiousteachers,ouremotionsareasferociousasthoseofanyanimal,andourintelligenceenablesustogivethemascopewhichisdeniedtoeventhemostsavageb
6、east.Itmaybehoped,thoughnotveryconfidently,thatthemorehumaneattitudewillintimecometoprevail,butsofartheomensarenotverypropitious.(U.E.p126)Cottongoods(aftertheindustrybecamescientific)couldfindamarketinIndiaandAfrica:thiswasastimulustoBritishImperialism.Africanshadtobetaughtthatnudityiswic
7、ked;thiswasdoneverycheaplybymissionaries.Inadditiontocottongoodsweexportedtuberculosisandsyphilis,butforthemtherewasnocharge.(I.S.S.p21)9Oneofthetroublesaboutvanityisthatitgrowswithwhatitfeedson.Themoreyouaretalkedabout,themoreyouwillwishtobetalkedabout.Thecon
