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1、VitaminDandbonehealthintheelderlyAMichaelPa/utt,’MB,BChir,JCGallagher,2MD,RobertPHeaney,3MD,CCJohnston,MD,RobertNeer,5MD,andGDonaldWhedon,6MDDownloadedfromIntroductionparathyroidhormone(PTH)andbyafallinplasmaphosphate,themain,butnottheonly,Thescopeofthisreviewislimitedtoi
2、ssuesphysiologicalregulators(4).SurpluscalcidiolofvitaminDnutrition.Therearemanyas-iseitherstoredinmuscleorfurthermetabo-pectsofvitaminDmetabolismbeyondthelizedorexcreted.ajcn.nutrition.org25-hydroxylationofcholecalciferolthatareVitaminD2orergocalcifero!ischemicallygermane
3、tohumandisease.SomeofthesearesimilartoD3butwithaslightlydifferentsidebrieflymentionedintheaccompanyingarti-chain.ItwasthefirstformofvitaminDtocleoncalcium,butforthemostpartthesebesynthesizedinpureformandisstillwidelyaspectsareofendocrinologicalratherthanusedasapharmaceutic
4、alagentandasafoodatChineseAcademyofMedicalScience/XieheMedicalUniversityonNovember17,2015nutritionalsignificance.additive,bothinmanandindomesticani-mals.D2probablydoesnotoccurnaturallyChemistryandPhysiologyofVitaminDinanymammalianspeciesbutmaybeaminorantirachiticconstituen
5、toffattyfishInordertoclarifythenutritionalaspectsofandfishliveroils.D2issubjectedtothesamevitaminD,andthehealthimplicationsofmetabolicconversionsasD3,toformvitaminDdeficiencyandexcessintheel-25(OH)D2and1,25(OH)2D2.D2isaseffectivederly,abriefintroductoryreviewisneeded;asD3i
6、ntheratandprobablyinman,butisfurtherdetailsaregivenelsewhere(1).lesseffectiveinchicksandNewWorldmon-Theterm“vitaminD”originallydenotedkeys.aconstituentofcodliveroilthatcuredrick-ThemajorbiologicaleffectsofvitaminDets,lateridentifiedchemicallyascholecal-aremediatedbycalcitr
7、iol.Physiologicalrolescifero!orD3.Themajorsourceofthissub-forothervitaminDmetabolitesarepossiblestanceistheskin,whereitismadeinresponsebutnotyetestablished.Calcitriolisneededtosunlightbyaprocess(describedlater)thatforoptimumintestinalabsorptionofcalciumisindependentofanykn
8、ownnutritionalfac-andisamajorphysiologicregulatorofcal-tors.Technically,D3madeintheskinis
