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1、Chapter1TheOriginofChineseCulture文化词汇Confucianphilosophy儒家哲学Confucius孔子Mencius孟子thedescendantsofYanandHuang炎黄子孙theSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesPeriods春秋战国时期TheArtofWar《孙子兵法》porcelain瓷器三皇五帝ThreeEmperorsandFiveSovereigns)Gregoriancalendar/solarcalendar格里高利历,是国际通用的
2、历法,即公历lunarcalendar阴历theTwenty-fourSolarTerms二十四节气ChineseZodiac生肖ChineseCulture---PastandPresentChinesehistorybeganwithtwolegendaryfigures—EmperorHuangandEmperorYan,who,togetherwiththeirtribes,inhabitedthedrainageareaalongthemiddlereaches(中游)oftheYellowRiver.Bythetim
3、eofXiaDynasty,aftercenturiesoflivingsidebyside,thesetwotribeshadgraduallymergedinto(合并,融合)one.Consequently,theChinesepeopleusuallycallthemselves“thedescendantsofYanandHuang”.Peopleatthattimebelievedthatthelandtheylivedonwasthecenteroftheworld,andcalledtheirstatethe"M
4、iddleKingdom"(中国),thusgivingChinaitscountryname.TraditionalChinesecultureisrecordednotonlyinhistorybooksanddocuments,butalsoinarcheologicalrecords(考古记载),suchasancientcitywalls,palaces(宫殿),temples(寺庙),pagodas(宝塔),andgrottos(洞窟);artifacts(史前古器物),suchasbronzeobjects,wea
5、pons,bronzemirrors,coins,jadeandpotteryobjects,andcurios;andfolkculture,includingsonganddance,embroidery(刺绣),cuisine(烹饪),clothing,teaceremonies,drinkinggames,lanterns,riddles,martialarts(武术),chessandkites.Withacontinuoushistoryof5,000years,ithasundergonefrequenttrans
6、formationstoproducearichandvitalculturalheritage.Inthemodernday,withtheriseofwesterneconomicandmilitarypowerbeginninginthemid-19thcentury,WesternsystemsofsocialandpoliticalorganizationhavegainedadherentsinChina.Indeed,withintoday’sglobalizedenvironment,moderncultures
7、interactandcooperateincreasinglymorewitheachother.China’scultureofthefuturewillmostlikelyreflectthiscross-culturaldimension.Thus,obtainingasolidunderstandingofChina’scultureofthepastisnecessaryinordertosuccessfullyembraceallthattheculturehastooffertotheworld.TheAppel
8、lationofChinaChinaistheappellationofourcountrygivenbyforeigners.TheporcelainchinaisthetransliterationoftheplacenameChangnan(昌南),whi