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1、1442JOURNALOFLIGHTWAVETECHNOLOGY,VOL.15,NO.8,AUGUST1997FiberGratingSensorsAlanD.Kersey,MichaelA.Davis,HeatherJ.Patrick,MichelLeBlanc,K.P.Koo,Member,IEEE,C.G.Askins,M.A.Putnam,andE.JosephFriebele(InvitedPaper)AbstractÐWereviewtherecentdevelopmentsintheareaofThispaperwillreviewdev
2、elopmentsintheareaofgratingopticalfibergratingsensors,includingquasi-distributedstrainbasedsensors,includingbasicquasi-distributedsensorsbasedsensingusingBragggratings,systemsbasedonchirpedgratings,onBragggratings,chirpedgratingsensing,fiberBragggratingintragratingsensingconcepts,
3、longperiod-basedgratingsensors,lasersensors,long-periodgratingsensorsandinterferometricfibergratinglaser-basedsystems,andinterferometricsensorsystemsbasedongratingreflectors.configurationsbasedongratings.Thetechniquesdiscussedwillprimarilyfocusonthemeasurementofstrain,butsystemshav
4、ealsobeenusedfortemperaturemeasurements.I.INTRODUCTIONHEadvantagesofopticalfibersensingarewellknownII.BRAGGGRATINGPOINTSENSORSTandhavebeenwidelyextolledintheresearchlitera-tureonthesubject.Fibersensorshave,however,resultedThebasicprincipleofoperationcommonlyusedinaFBG-inrelativel
5、yfewrealcommercialsuccesses,andthetech-basedsensorsystemistomonitortheshiftinwavelengthofnologyremainsinmanyinstances,laboratory-basedatthethereturnedªBraggºsignalwiththechangesinthemeasurandprototypestage.Thereasonforthisisbecomingclearto(e.g.,strain,temperature).TheBraggwavele
6、ngth,orresonancemostresearchersinthefield:manyfiberopticsensorswereconditionofagrating,isgivenbytheexpression[7]developedtodisplaceconventionalelectro-mechanicalsensor(1)systems,whicharewellestablished,haveprovenreliabilityrecordsandmanufacturingcosts.Thus,eventhoughfiberwhereisthe
7、gratingpitchandistheeffectiveindexofthesensorsofferimportantadvantagessuchaselectricallypassivecore.Withsuchadevice,injectingspectrallybroadbandsourceoperation,EMIimmunity,highsensitivity,andmultiplexingoflightintothefiber,anarrowbandspectralcomponentatthecapabilities,marketpenet
8、rationofthistechnologyhasbeenBraggwavelengthisr
