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1、JOURNALOFLIGHTWAVETECHNOLOGY,VOL.15,NO.8,AUGUST19971263FiberBraggGratingTechnologyFundamentalsandOverviewKennethO.HillandGeraldMeltz,Member,IEEE(InvitedPaper)AbstractÐThehistoricalbeginningsofphotosensitivityandthecladdingwithtwointersectingbeamsofUVlight;now,thefiberBragggrating
2、(FBG)technologyarerecounted.Thebasicperiodoftheinterferencemaximaandtheindexchangewastechniquesforfibergratingfabrication,theircharacteristics,andsetbytheanglebetweenthebeamsandtheUVwavelengththefundamentalpropertiesoffibergratingsaredescribed.Theratherthanbythevisibleradiationwhi
3、chwaslaunchedintomanyapplicationsoffibergratingtechnologyaretabulated,andsomeselectedapplicationsarebrieflydescribed.thefibercore.Moreover,thegratingformationwasfoundtobeorders-of-magnitudemoreefficient.IndexTermsÐBragggratings,opticalfiberdevices,opticalfiberAtfirst,theobservationofph
4、oto-inducedrefractivityindispersion,opticalfiberfilters,opticalfibersensors,opticalplanarwaveguidesandcomponents,photosensitivity.fiberswasonlyascientificcuriosity,butovertimeithasbecomethebasisforatechnologythatnowhasabroadandimportantroleinopticalcommunicationsandsensorsystems.I.IN
5、TRODUCTIONResearchintotheunderlyingmechanismsoffiberphotosen-FIBERBragggrating(FBG)isaperiodicperturbationsitivityanditsusesison-goinginmanyuniversitiesandAoftherefractiveindexalongthefiberlengthwhichindustriallaboratoriesinEurope,NorthandSouthAmerica,isformedbyexposureofthecoreto
6、anintenseopticalAsia,andAustralia.Severalhundredphotosensitivityandfiberinterferencepattern.TheformationofpermanentgratingsgratingrelatedarticleshaveappearedinthescientificliteratureinanopticalfiberwasfirstdemonstratedbyHilletal.andintheproceedingsoftopicalconferences,workshops,in19
7、78attheCanadianCommunicationsResearchCentreandsymposia.FBG'sarenowcommerciallyavailableand(CRC),Ottawa,Ont.,Canada,[1],[2].Theylaunchedintensetheyhavefoundkeyapplicationsinrouting,filtering,control,Argon-ionlaserradiationintoagermania-dopedfiberandandamplificationofopticalsignalsin
8、thenextgenerationofobservedthatafterseveralminu
