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1、January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG腹膜后隙January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG一、概述腹膜后隙位置:位于腹后壁,介于腹后壁腹膜与腹内筋膜之间。范围:上起膈,下至骶骨岬,两侧续于腹膜外筋膜,向下续于盆部的腹膜后间隙。January
2、,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG主要结构:腹膜后隙有肾、肾上腺、输尿管、腹部大血管、神经和淋巴结等重要结构。(胰腺、十二指肠已于结肠上区内介绍)January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG二、肾kidney内容:(一)肾的位置和毗邻(二)肾门、肾窦
3、和肾蒂(三)肾的血管(四)肾的被膜January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG(一)肾的位置及毗邻位置:肾位于脊柱两侧,紧贴于腹后壁。由于肝的存在,左肾略高于右肾。左肾:上端平第11胸椎下缘下端平第2腰椎下缘右肾:上端平第12胸椎上缘下端平第3腰椎上缘January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.Allrigh
4、treservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG肾的毗邻:毗邻(相同点):两肾上端:肾上腺两肾后面:膈腰大肌腰方肌腹横肌两肾内下方:肾盂输尿管两肾内后方:左右腰交感干膈肌腰大肌腰方肌腹横肌January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG毗邻(不同点):两肾内侧:左肾:腹主动脉右肾:下腔静脉左肾前面邻:胃胰空肠结肠左曲右肾前面邻:肝右叶结肠右曲十二指肠降部January,2007Copyright©Depart
5、.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG肾区竖脊肌外侧缘与第12肋之间所夹的部位称肾区(脊肋角)。在某些肾疾病患者,叩击或触压该区可引起疼痛。January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG(二)肾门、肾窦和肾蒂肾门:肾的内侧缘中部凹陷,是肾的血管、神经、淋巴管和肾盂出入肾的部位,称肾门。肾窦:肾门深
6、入肾实质所围成的腔隙称为肾窦。January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG肾蒂:出入肾门的结构合称肾蒂,主要结构有肾动脉、肾静脉、肾盂。肾蒂内主要结构的排列关系:由前向后依次为:肾静脉、肾动脉、肾盂从上向下依次为:肾动脉、肾静脉、肾盂January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.Allrightreserved
7、byYPHOUandYFSONG肾动脉和肾段肾段:每一段动脉供给的肾实质区域称为肾段,共5个。(三)肾血管和肾段上段动脉上前段动脉下段动脉下前段动脉后段动脉January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG2.肾静脉右肾静脉通常无肾外属支,而左肾静脉收纳左肾上腺、左睾丸(卵巢)静脉血,其属支与周围静脉有吻合,借此可建立门-腔静脉间的侧支循环。January,2007Copyright©Depar