腹膜后隙及腹后壁解剖课件.ppt

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1、Unit26Theretroperitonealspaceandposteriorabdominalwall腹膜后隙和腹后壁Lecturer：MaJianMinDepartmentofAnatomy,MedicalcollegeofNanchanguniversity一.Kidney肾1.Features△Beanshaped,reddish-brownorgans△Superiorextremity－broadandthinInferiorextremity－narrowandthick△Anteriorsu

2、rface－convexPosteriorsurface－flat△Lateralborder－convexMedialborder－concave右肾的冠状切面(后面观)Renalsinus肾窦Renalhilum肾门Renalhilum肾门Renalpedicle肾蒂RenalA肾动脉RenalV肾静脉Renalpelvis肾盂右肾前面观前后：肾V、肾A、肾盂上下：肾A、肾V、肾盂△LeftkidneyliesatthelevelfromthelowerborderofT11toL2;the12thribi

3、sbehinditsmiddlepartofthepostsurface△Rightkidneyliesslightlylowerthantheleftkidney,atthelevelfromthelowerborderofT12toL3;the12thribisbehinditsupperpartofthepostsurface2.PositionSuperiorly－superarenalglandPosteriorlyThreemusclesDiaphragm(pleuralcavity),Psoasm

4、ajorQuadratuslumborumThreenervesSubcostalIliohypogastricIlioinguinal3.RelationshipsofkidneysAnteriorlyLeftkidneyStomach(superior),Pancreas(middle),Loopsofintestineandleftcolicflexure(inferiorly)RightkidneyRightlobeofliver(superior)Rightcolicflexure(inferior)

5、Descendingpartofduodenum(medially)肾皮质renalcortex肾髓质renalmedulla肾小盏minorrenalcalices实质管腔肾盂renalpelvis肾大盏majorrenalcalices4.Structureofthekidney4.StructureofthekidneyCortex皮质Medulla髓质Renalpyramid肾锥体Renalpapillae肾乳头Renalcolumn肾柱Ureter输尿管Renalpelvis肾盂Majorrenalc

6、alices肾大盏Minorrenalcalices肾小盏5.CoveringsRenalfibrouscapsule纤维囊Adiposecapsule脂肪囊Renalfascia肾筋膜Renalfibrouscapsule肾纤维囊Thekidneyisdividedintofivevascularsegmentsandeachissuppliedbyabranchoftherenalartery;betweenthesegmentsthereisnoanastomosis.ThesegmentsareSupe

7、riorsegmentSuperioranteriorsegmentInferioranteriorsegmentInferiorsegmentPosteriorsegment6.Renalsegments二.Ureter输尿管1.Parts分部△Abdominalpart△Pelvicpart△IntramuralpartUreter△Atthepelvouretericjunction△Whereitcrossesthepelvicinletandiliacvessels△Whereitpiercesthe

8、bladderwallobliquely(atintramuralpart)2.Threeconstrictions三个狭窄Stoneinureter肾盂及输尿管（顺行造影图）输尿管分部腹段盆段输尿管膀胱壁内段输尿管进入膀胱皮质：分泌皮质激素调节水、盐和碳水化合物的代谢及性激素髓质：分泌肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素，使心率加快、心收缩力加强、小动脉收缩，血压上升三、Suprarenalgla