《血液系统疾病》课件

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1、血液系统疾病BloodsystemdiseaseFeaturesOfHematopoiesisAndBloodInChildren，NutritionalAnemia小儿造血、血像特点、营养性贫血AbstractFeaturesOfHematopoiesisAndBloodInChildrenAnemiaInChildren—GeneralIntroductionNutritionalirondeficiencyanemia(IDA)NutritionalMegaloblasticAnemiapurposeToun

2、derstandfeaturesofhematopoiesisandbloodinchildrenTocomprehendclinicalfeatures,diagnosisandtherapyofanemia.Tounderstandthedefinition,gradedivisionandclassificationofanemiainchildren.Tomasteretiology,pathogenosis,diagnosis,therapyandpreventionofnutritionalironde

3、ficiencyanemiaandnutritionalmegaloblasticanemia.Featuresofhematopoiesisinchildren小儿造血特点Featuresofhematopoiesisinchildren一、Hematopoiesisinfetalperiod（胎儿期造血）Developmentalhematopoiesisoccursinthreeanatomicstages—mesoblastic（中胚层）,hepatic（肝）,andmyeloid（骨髓）.Hematopo

4、iesisinfetalperiodyolksacliverspleenBonemarrowlymphnodeTimeofHematopoiesisbeginpeakletdownafterbirthmesoblast3w6wliver6~8w4~5m6mspleen8w4~5m5m持续终生thymus6~8w持续终生lymphnode4m持续终生Bonemarrow4m持续终生BloodcellBloodcellmesoblast原始有核红细胞liver主要是有核红细胞，少量粒细胞、巨核细胞spleen红细胞、粒

5、系、淋巴、单核细胞thymus主要是淋巴细胞，胚胎期有短暂的生成红细胞、粒细胞的功能lymphnode淋巴细胞，胚胎期有短暂的生成红细胞的功能Bonemarrow全血细胞FeaturesofHematopoiesisinchildren二、HematopoiesisafterbirthHematopoesisinbonemarrowExtramedullaryhematopoiesis（骨髓外造血）Hematopoesisinbonemarrowredbonemarrow（红骨髓）：ininfantandtoddl

6、erperiodYellowbonemarrow（黄骨髓）：after5~7y,潜在造血功能HematopoesisinbonemarrowYellowbonemarrow（黄骨髓）cancomebacktoredbonemarrow（红骨髓）whenhematopoeticneedincreasesYellowbonemarrowisdeficiencyinchildren,especiallyininfantandtoddlerperiodExtramedullaryhemopoiesis（髓外造血）Whenh

7、ematopoieticdemandincreases,liver,spleenandlymphnodescomebacktothestatustoproducebloodcellshepatomegaly（肝肿大）andsplenomegaly（脾肿大）appearsandmaybethereareimmatureerythrocytesandgranulocytesincirculatingbloodExtramedullaryhemopoiesisisthespecificphenomenaonlyappea

8、ringininfantandtoddlerExtramedullaryhemopoiesis（髓外造血）年龄：ininfantandtoddler病因：Whenhematopoieticdemandincreases.E.g.anemia（贫血）造血部位：liver,spleenandlymphnodescomebacktothestatustoprodu