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1、Unit1NewKnowledgeæTapescriptsAlltheknowledgehastwodimensions,accordingtoSeelyBrown.Thefirstiswhathecalledexplicitknowledge,whichhesaid“livesindocumentsandheads”.Thesecondistacitknowledge,orplainknow-how,whichresidesinpeopleandtheirpractices.Thosetwodimensionsmayseemobvious.Butthewaythetwo
2、caninteractorworkinparallelisfascinating,hesaid.Itis“quiteimpossible”,forinstance,toconvertthetacitintotheexplicit,hecontinued,offeringtheexampleofridingabiketoillustratewhathecalled“therichinterplay”betweentacitandexplicitformsofknowledge.Anyonewhohastriedridingabikenexttoaright-handcurb
3、,hesaid,knowsthatthecurbactsalmostwithmagneticforcewhentheridertriestosteerawayfromit.“Whenyoupullawayyouactuallysteerintogoleft”thoughthatisnotwhatyourbrainwouldinstructyoutodo,saidSeelyBrown.“Itisaninterestingexampleoftherichinterplaybetweenthetacitandtheexplicit.Thinkaboutthatinorganiz
4、ations,inourabilitytoactuallyspeculateondimensioninthesocialmindoftheorganization,too”,hecontinued.Fluencyonthecourt—andinthecommunityofpractice.Asuccessfulandeffectivecommunityofpracticeislikeanoutstandingbasketballteam,accordingtoSeelyBrown.Peopleworkcloselytogetheroveralongperiodoftime
5、starttoinventownlanguageanddevelopanabilitytoreadeachotherinstantly.Theycancountoneachtoimproviseinacoherentwaytotakeadvantageofeachmoment.Whatwearereallysuggesting,though—theplusandminus—isthatacommunityofpracticecreatesaboundaryinwhichknowledgeflowsinsidethatboundarywithspectacularspeed
6、.Butasitflowsspectacularlyfastinsidethatboundary,italsosticksanddoesnotmoveoutsideboundaryveryeasily.æCulturalTipsandHints1.NASA’sHumanExplorationandDevelopmentofSpace(HEDS)EnterpriseAsoneofNASA’senterprises,HEDSincludestheInternationalSpaceStation,SpaceShuttle,andLifeandMicrogravityresea
7、rch.Itseekstobringthefrontierofspacefullywithinthesphereofhumanactivityforresearch,commerce,andexploration.ThefollowingaregoalsoftheHEDSEnterprise:1)Increasehumanknowledgeofnature’sprocessesusingthespaceenvironment.2)Exploreandsettlethesolarsystem.3)Achieveroutinesp
