《研究生英语高级教程》教师用书new

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1、Unit1WakingUpfromtheAmericanDreamBackgroundInformation1.TheAmericandream:TheAmericanDreamistheconceptwidelyheldintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,thatthroughhardwork,courageanddetermination,onecanachieveprosperity(oftenassociatedwiththeProtestantworkethic).Th

2、esewerethevaluesoftheoriginalpioneerswhocrossedtheAmericanplainswhenNorthernEuropeansfirstcametoAmerica.WhattheAmericandreamhasbecomeisaquestionunderconstantdiscussion.HistoryoftheAmericandream:TheoriginoftheAmericandreamstemsfromthedepartureingovernm

3、entandeconomicsfromthemodelsoftheOldWorld.Thisallowedunprecedentedfreedom,especiallythepossibilityofdramaticupwardsocialmobility.Additionally,fromtheRevolutionaryWarwellintothelaterhalfofthenineteenthcentury,manyofAmerica'sphysicalresourceswereunclaim

4、edandoftenundiscovered,allowingthepossibilityofcomingacrossafortunethroughrelativelylittle,butluckyinvestmentinlandorindustry.ThedevelopmentoftheIndustrialRevolutiondefinedthemineralandlandwealthwhichwasthereinabundance,contrarytotheenvironmentalriche

5、ssuchashugeherdsofbisonanddiversityofforests,fortheoriginalNativeAmericans.ManyearlyAmericansprospectorsheadedwestoftheRockyMountainstobuyacresofcheaplandinhopesoffindingdepositsofgold.TheAmericandreamwasadrivingfactornotonlyintheGoldRushofthemidtolat

6、e1800s,butalsointhewavesofimmigrationthroughoutthatcenturyandthefollowing.ImpoverishedwesternEuropeansescapingtheIrishpotatofaminesinIreland,theHighlandclearancesinScotlandandtheaftermathofNapoleonintherestofEuropecametoAmericatoescapeapoorqualityofli

7、feathome.TheywantedtoembracethepromiseoffinancialsecurityandconstitutionalfreedomtheyhadheardexistedsowidelyintheUnitedStates.TheAmericandreamtoday:Inthe20thcentury,theAmericandreamhaditschallenges.TheDepressioncausedwidespreadhardshipduringtheTwentie

8、sandThirties,andwasalmostareverseofthedreamforthosedirectlyaffected.Racialinstabilitydidnotdisappear,andinsomepartsofthecountryracialviolencewasalmostcommonplace.TherewasconcernabouttheundemocraticcampaignknownasMcCarthyismcarriedonagainstsusp