《研究生英语高级教程》教师用书

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1、Unit1WakingUpfromtheAmericanDreamBackgroundInformation1.TheAmericandream:TheAmericanDreamistheconceptwidelyheldintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,thatthroughhardwork,courageanddetermination,onecanachieveprosperity(oftenassociatedwiththeProtestantworkethic).Thes

2、ewerethevaluesoftheoriginalpioneerswhocrossedtheAmericanplainswhenNorthernEuropeansfirstcametoAmerica.WhattheAmericandreamhasbecomeisaquestionunderconstantdiscussion.HistoryoftheAmericandream:TheoriginoftheAmericandreamstemsfromthedepartureingovernmenta

3、ndeconomicsfromthemodelsoftheOldWorld.Thisallowedunprecedentedfreedom,especiallythepossibilityofdramaticupwardsocialmobility.Additionally,fromtheRevolutionaryWarwellintothelaterhalfofthenineteenthcentury,manyofAmerica'sphysicalresourceswereunclaimedando

4、ftenundiscovered,allowingthepossibilityofcomingacrossafortunethroughrelativelylittle,butluckyinvestmentinlandorindustry.ThedevelopmentoftheIndustrialRevolutiondefinedthemineralandlandwealthwhichwasthereinabundance,contrarytotheenvironmentalrichessuchash

5、ugeherdsofbisonanddiversityofforests,fortheoriginalNativeAmericans.ManyearlyAmericansprospectorsheadedwestoftheRockyMountainstobuyacresofcheaplandinhopesoffindingdepositsofgold.TheAmericandreamwasadrivingfactornotonlyintheGoldRushofthemidtolate1800s,but

6、alsointhewavesofimmigrationthroughoutthatcenturyandthefollowing.ImpoverishedwesternEuropeansescapingtheIrishpotatofaminesinIreland,theHighlandclearancesinScotlandandtheaftermathofNapoleonintherestofEuropecametoAmericatoescapeapoorqualityoflifeathome.The

7、ywantedtoembracethepromiseoffinancialsecurityandconstitutionalfreedomtheyhadheardexistedsowidelyintheUnitedStates.TheAmericandreamtoday:Inthe20thcentury,theAmericandreamhaditschallenges.TheDepressioncausedwidespreadhardshipduringtheTwentiesandThirties,a

8、ndwasalmostareverseofthedreamforthosedirectlyaffected.Racialinstabilitydidnotdisappear,andinsomepartsofthecountryracialviolencewasalmostcommonplace.TherewasconcernabouttheundemocraticcampaignknownasMcCarthyismcarriedonagainstsusp