《研究生英语高级教程》教师用书

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1、Unit1WakingUpfromtheAmericanDreamBackgroundInformation1.TheAmericandream:TheAmericanDreamistheconceptwidelyheldintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,thatthroughhardwork,courageanddetermination,onecanachieveprosperity(oftenassociatedwiththeProtestantworkethic).Thesewerethevaluesoftheoriginalpioneerswhocrossed

2、theAmericanplainswhenNorthernEuropeansfirstcametoAmerica.WhattheAmericandreamhasbecomeisaquestionunderconstantdiscussion.HistoryoftheAmericandream:TheoriginoftheAmericandreamstemsfromthedepartureingovernmentandeconomicsfromthemodelsoftheOldWorld.Thisallowedunprecedentedfreedom,especiallythepossibi

3、lityofdramaticupwardsocialmobility.Additionally,fromtheRevolutionaryWarwellintothelaterhalfofthenineteenthcentury,manyofAmerica'sphysicalresourceswereunclaimedandoftenundiscovered,allowingthepossibilityofcomingacrossafortunethroughrelativelylittle,butluckyinvestmentinlandorindustry.Thedevelopmento

4、ftheIndustrialRevolutiondefinedthemineralandlandwealthwhichwasthereinabundance,contrarytotheenvironmentalrichessuchashugeherdsofbisonanddiversityofforests,fortheoriginalNativeAmericans.ManyearlyAmericansprospectorsheadedwestoftheRockyMountainstobuyacresofcheaplandinhopesoffindingdepositsofgold.The

5、AmericandreamwasadrivingfactornotonlyintheGoldRushofthemidtolate1800s,butalsointhewavesofimmigrationthroughoutthatcenturyandthefollowing.ImpoverishedwesternEuropeansescapingtheIrishpotatofaminesinIreland,theHighlandclearancesinScotlandandtheaftermathofNapoleonintherestofEuropecametoAmericatoescape

6、apoorqualityoflifeathome.TheywantedtoembracethepromiseoffinancialsecurityandconstitutionalfreedomtheyhadheardexistedsowidelyintheUnitedStates.TheAmericandreamtoday:Inthe20thcentury,theAmericandreamhaditschallenges.TheDepressioncausedwidespreadhardshipduringtheTwentiesandThirties,andwasalmostarever

7、seofthedreamforthosedirectlyaffected.Racialinstabilitydidnotdisappear,andinsomepartsofthecountryracialviolencewasalmostcommonplace.TherewasconcernabouttheundemocraticcampaignknownasMcCarthyismcarriedonagainstsusp