研究生英语高级教程教师用书

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1、Unit1WakingUpfromtheAmericanDreamBackgroundInformation1.TheAmericandream:TheAmericanDreamistheconceptwidelyheldintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,thatthroughhardwork,courageanddetermination,onecanachieveprosperity(oftenassociatedwiththeProtestantworkethic).Thesewerethevaluesofth

2、eoriginalpioneerswhocrossedtheAmericanplainswhenNorthernEuropeansfirstcametoAmerica.WhattheAmericandreamhasbecomeisaquestionunderconstantdiscussion.HistoryoftheAmericandream:TheoriginoftheAmericandreamstemsfromthedepartureingovernmentandeconomicsfromthemodelsoftheOldWorl

3、d.Thisallowedunprecedentedfreedom,especiallythepossibilityofdramaticupwardsocialmobility.Additionally,fromtheRevolutionaryWarwellintothelaterhalfofthenineteenthcentury,manyofAmerica'sphysicalresourceswereunclaimedandoftenundiscovered,allowingthepossibilityofcomingacrossa

4、fortunethroughrelativelylittle,butluckyinvestmentinlandorindustry.ThedevelopmentoftheIndustrialRevolutiondefinedthemineralandlandwealthwhichwasthereinabundance,contrarytotheenvironmentalrichessuchashugeherdsofbisonanddiversityofforests,fortheoriginalNativeAmericans.Manye

5、arlyAmericansprospectorsheadedwestoftheRockyMountainstobuyacresofcheaplandinhopesoffindingdepositsofgold.TheAmericandreamwasadrivingfactornotonlyintheGoldRushofthemidtolate1800s,butalsointhewavesofimmigrationthroughoutthatcenturyandthefollowing.ImpoverishedwesternEuropea

6、nsescapingtheIrishpotatofaminesinIreland,theHighlandclearancesinScotlandandtheaftermathofNapoleonintherestofEuropecametoAmericatoescapeapoorqualityoflifeathome.TheywantedtoembracethepromiseoffinancialsecurityandconstitutionalfreedomtheyhadheardexistedsowidelyintheUnitedS

7、tates.TheAmericandreamtoday:Inthe20thcentury,theAmericandreamhaditschallenges.TheDepressioncausedwidespreadhardshipduringtheTwentiesandThirties,andwasalmostareverseofthedreamforthosedirectlyaffected.Racialinstabilitydidnotdisappear,andinsomepartsofthecountryracialviolenc

8、ewasalmostcommonplace.TherewasconcernabouttheundemocraticcampaignknownasMcCarthyismcarriedonagainstsusp