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1、定语从句一.概念1.定语从句:就是在复合句里充当定语的从句,它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。2.先行词:就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that;在从句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语等关系副词when,where,why,在从句中作状语。如:Thisisthebookthatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday.这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。Thetimewhenhearrivesisnot
2、known.他到达的时间还不知道。二.关系代词1.先行词是人,在从句中作主语用who,作宾语用whom或who,作定语用whose;Eg:Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.Theboywhom/whoyouarelookingforisintheroom.DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisYaoMing?2.先行词是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which,作定语用ofwhich或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which,who,whom都可用that代替。
3、关系代词作宾语时常被省略。Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisitedlastyear.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。Hehasabookwhosecover(=thecoverofwhich)isverybeautiful.他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。习惯上要用that引导的定语从句(1)当先行词是指物的all,little,few,much,any,anything,everything,nothing,none,theone时,或先行词被all,little,f
4、ew,much,any,every,no等修饰时。Hewilltellyoueverythingthatheheardaboutit.他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。Thereislittleworkthatisfitforyou.没什么工作适合你做。Ihaveeatenallthefoodthatisleft.我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时,或者先行词被序数词(包括last,next)、最高级形容词及theonly,thevery等修饰时。Thisisth
5、efirstfilmthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.这是我到这里后所看的第一场电影。ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.这正是我一直在寻找的那本书。(3)先行词包括人和物时。Theyoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthattheyareinterestedin.他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。(4)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为了避免重复,多用that引导。如:Whichisthe
6、housethatcaughtfirelastnight?昨晚失火的是那座房子?Whoistheladythatisplayingthepiano?在弹钢琴的那位小姐是谁?(5)当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用that:Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.中国已不是过去的中国了。习惯上不用that引导的定语从句(1)在非限制性定语从句中,不以能用that引导。YesterdayImetMary,whoseemedveryexcided.昨天我碰到了玛丽,她显得
7、非常兴奋。(2)直接在介词后作宾语时,不能用that引导,要用whom,whose或which,且不能省略。Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.我们住院的房子不大。Iknowtheyoungmanwithwhomyoulive.我认识和你住在一起的那个年青人。注:当介词放在从句的末尾时,可以用that替代which,who替代whom,也可以省略关系代词。如:Thehouse(which/that)weliveinisnotlarge.我们住院的房子不大。Iknowt
8、heman(whom/who/that)youlivewith.我认识和你住在一起的那个人。(3)当先行词是指人的all,any,few,one(s),anyone,everyone, people等时,多用who。如:Anyonewhoisoversixteenisallowedin.任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。Imetsomeonewhosaidheknewyou.我碰到一个人,他说认识你。三.关系副词关系副词有when,where,why,在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间、地点和原因。其
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