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1、英语的句子成分及基本结构首先,我们来看一下英语当中词的词性(partofspeech)(n.)apple,flower,student,adult,advertisement⋯⋯这些是_________词(pron.)I,you,we,myself,ourselves⋯⋯这些是________词(v.)work,run,read,abandon,beg⋯⋯这些是__________词(adj.)excited,important,central⋯⋯这些是________词,常用来修饰_______________(ad
2、v.)fast,hard,happily,out,away⋯这些是________词,常用来修饰_______________(conj.)and,but,or,as,when,if⋯.这些是_________词,常用来_______________(prep.)in,on,at,by,above⋯⋯这些是_______词,可以构成短语,在一个句中做下列成分:Thisisabookongardening.Thebookisunderthetable.HehasbeenheresinceFriday.Makeyourse
3、lfathome.(做定(做表(做状(做补语)语)语)语)接下来，我们在了解一下构成一个句子的基本成分有哪些(membersofsentences)GeorgeisasmartboyfromBritain.HelikeslearningChineseverymuch.Historyishisfavoritesubject,too.TalkingwithhisChinesefriendsonlinemakeshimhappy.在这几个句子里：George,He,History,TalkingwithhisChines
4、efriends是句子中的________.is是句子中的________.like,make是句子中的________.asmartboy,hisfavoritesubject是句子中的________.learningChinese,him是句子中的________.smart,fromBritain,favorite是句子中的________.verymuch是句子中的________.happy是句子中的________.现在，我们进入正题，看看英语简单句的基本结构有哪些(sentencestructures)
5、Todaywasmyfirstdayatmynewschool.Idon’liketthenewpeoplearoundme.WhentheyspeaktomeIfeelveryshy,sotheymisunderstandandthinkIamunfriendly.Inourclasstheteachergaveusatask---tostandupandintroduceourselves.Icouldfeeleveryonelookingatme.Iwentveryredandcouldonlysayafewwo
6、rdsquietly.TheteacherwillthinkIamabadstudent,butIworkveryhard.MyproblemisthatI’measilyembarrassed.e.g.1Todaywasmyfirstdayatmynewschool.主语(Subject)+系动词(Link-verb)+表语(Predicative)+状语(Adverbial)结构1：S+L-v+P+(A)你知道的系动词(Link-verb)有哪些？be–am/is/are/was/wereWhentheyspe
7、aktomeIfeelveryshy⋯系动词还包括：(1)表示“感觉”的feel,look,sound,taste,smell(2)表示“变化”的become,fall,get,grow,turn，go(3)表示“保持”的stay,remain,keep(4)表示“看上去”的appear,seem(5)表示“证明”的provee.g.2Idon’tlikethenewpeoplearoundme.主语(Subject)+谓语动词(Verb)+宾语(Object)+状语(Adverbial)结构2：S+V+O+(A)e.
8、g.3butIworkveryhard.主语(Subject)+谓语动词(Verb)+状语(Adverbial)结构3：S+V+(A)这个句子为什么没有宾语？英语中的实义动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两种。及物动词指的是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词，如：learn,see,study,like⋯.不及物动词/词组指
