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1、NU30CH03-vonLintigARI7July20102:40ColorswithFunctions:ElucidatingtheBiochemicalandMolecularBasisofCarotenoidMetabolismJohannesvonLintigDepartmentofPharmacology,SchoolofMedicine,CaseWesternReserveUniversity,Cleveland,Ohio44106-4965;email:jxv99@case.eduAnnu.Rev.Nutr.2
2、010.30:35–56KeyWordsFirstpublishedonlineasaReviewinAdvanceoncarotenoid-oxygenases,retinoids,nuclearreceptors,vision,lipidApril20,2010transport,lipidmetabolismTheAnnualReviewofNutritionisonlineatnutr.annualreviews.orgAbstractThisarticle’sdoi:Carotenoidsaffectarichvar
3、ietyofphysiologicalfunctionsinnatureand10.1146/annurev-nutr-080508-141027arebeneficialforhumanhealth,servingasantioxidantsinlipophilicen-byKunmingInstituteofZoologyon04/30/11.Forpersonaluseonly.Annu.Rev.Nutr.2010.30:35-56.Downloadedfromwww.annualreviews.orgCopyright
4、c2010byAnnualReviews.vironmentsandbluelightfiltersinthemaculaofhumanretina.TheseAllrightsreserveddietarycompoundsalsoserveasprecursorsofauniquesetofapo-0199-9885/10/0821-0035$20.00carotenoidcleavageproducts,includingretinoids.Althoughknowledgeaboutretinoidbiologyhast
5、remendouslyincreased,themetabolismofretinoids’parentprecursorsremainspoorlyunderstood.Recently,molecularplayersincarotenoidmetabolismhavebeenidentifiedandbiochemicallycharacterized.Moreover,mutationsintheircorrespond-inggenesimpaircarotenoidmetabolismandinducevarious
6、pathologiesinanimalmodels.Polymorphismsinthesegenesaltercarotenoidandretinoidhomeostasisinhumansaswell.Thisreviewsummarizesourcurrentknowledgeaboutthemolecular/biochemicalbasisofcarotenoidmetabolismandparticularlythephysiologicalroleofcarotenoidsinretinoid-dependent
7、physiologicalprocesses.35NU30CH03-vonLintigARI7July20102:40considerableamountsofcarotenoids.Physio-ContentslogicalfunctionsattributedtothesecompoundsareassociatedwiththeircapabilitytoactasINTRODUCTION..................36antioxidants,e.g.,asfreeradicalscavengers,DROS
8、OPHILAMELANOGASTERinlipophilicenvironmentssuchasmembranesISANEXCELLENTMODELandlipoproteins(forreview,see23).Addi-TOSTUDYCAROTENOIDtionally