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1、9-399-104REV:AUGUST2,2006CLAYTONM.CHRISTENSENWhatIsanOrganization’sCulture?Cultureisauniquecharacteristicofanyorganization.Whilethephenomenonoforganizationalcultureisdifficulttodefinesuccinctly,understandingitcanhelpamanagerpredicthowhisorherorganizationislikelytorespondtodifferentsituation
2、s;toassessthedifficultiesthattheorganizationmightexperienceasitconfrontsachangingfuture;andtoidentifythepriorityissuesfortheleadershiptoaddressastheypreparetheorganizationtocompeteforthefuture.Organizationalcultureaffectsandregulatesthewaymembersoftheorganizationthink,feelandactwithinthefra
3、meworkofthatorganization.Cultureistheresultofcommonlearningexperiences.Becausecultureformsthebasisofgroupidentityandsharedthought,belief,andfeeling,oneofthemostdecisiveandimportantfunctionsofleaders—particularlythefoundersofacompany—isthecreationandmanagementofitsculture.WhatIsCulture?Becau
4、secultureissuchanimportantorganizationalphenomenon,manyscholarshaveproposeddefinitionsofwhatcultureis.Theseinclude:observedbehavioralregularitiesthatoccurwhenpeopleinteract,thenormsthatevolveincloseworkinggroups,thedominantvaluesespousedbyanorganization,thephilosophythatguidesanorganization
5、’spolicytowardemployeesandcustomers,therulesforgettingalongwithotherpeopleintheorganization,andthefeelingorclimateofaparticularorganization.However,MIT’sEdgarSchein,oneoftheworld’sforemostscholarsoforganizationalculture,arguesthatwhilethesemeaningsmightreflectanorganization’sculture,theyfai
6、ltocaptureitsessence.1Scheinconcludesthatcultureisapropertyofanindependentlydefinedsocialunit—aunitwhosemembersshareasignificantnumberofcommonexperiencesinsuccessfullyaddressingexternalandinternalproblems.Becauseofthesecommonexperiences,overtimethisgroupofpeoplewillhaveformedasharedviewofth
7、ewaythattheworldsurroundingthemworks,andofthemethodsforproblemsolvingthatwillbeeffectiveinthatworld.Thissharedviewoftheworldhasledtotheformationofbasicassumptionsandbeliefsthathaveworkedwellenoughandlongenoughtobetakenforgranted.Thesebasicassumptionsandb