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1、9-399-104REV:AUGUST2,2006CLAYTONM.CHRISTENSENWhatIsanOrganization’sCulture?Cultureisauniquecharacteristicofanyorganization.Whilethephenomenonoforganizationalcultureisdifficulttodefinesuccinctly,understandingitcanhelpamanagerpredicthowhisorherorganizationislikelytore
2、spondtodifferentsituations;toassessthedifficultiesthattheorganizationmightexperienceasitconfrontsachangingfuture;andtoidentifythepriorityissuesfortheleadershiptoaddressastheypreparetheorganizationtocompeteforthefuture.Organizationalcultureaffectsandregulatesthewayme
3、mbersoftheorganizationthink,feelandactwithintheframeworkofthatorganization.Cultureistheresultofcommonlearningexperiences.Becausecultureformsthebasisofgroupidentityandsharedthought,belief,andfeeling,oneofthemostdecisiveandimportantfunctionsofleaders—particularlythefo
4、undersofacompany—isthecreationandmanagementofitsculture.WhatIsCulture?Becausecultureissuchanimportantorganizationalphenomenon,manyscholarshaveproposeddefinitionsofwhatcultureis.Theseinclude:observedbehavioralregularitiesthatoccurwhenpeopleinteract,thenormsthatevolve
5、incloseworkinggroups,thedominantvaluesespousedbyanorganization,thephilosophythatguidesanorganization’spolicytowardemployeesandcustomers,therulesforgettingalongwithotherpeopleintheorganization,andthefeelingorclimateofaparticularorganization.However,MIT’sEdgarSchein,o
6、neoftheworld’sforemostscholarsoforganizationalculture,arguesthatwhilethesemeaningsmightreflectanorganization’sculture,theyfailtocaptureitsessence.1Scheinconcludesthatcultureisapropertyofanindependentlydefinedsocialunit—aunitwhosemembersshareasignificantnumberofcommo
7、nexperiencesinsuccessfullyaddressingexternalandinternalproblems.Becauseofthesecommonexperiences,overtimethisgroupofpeoplewillhaveformedasharedviewofthewaythattheworldsurroundingthemworks,andofthemethodsforproblemsolvingthatwillbeeffectiveinthatworld.Thissharedviewof
8、theworldhasledtotheformationofbasicassumptionsandbeliefsthathaveworkedwellenoughandlongenoughtobetakenforgranted.Thesebasicassumptionsandb
