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1、Chapter12RoleofOrganizationsrganizationsplayanimportantroleinthemanagementofoperationalriskandbusinessprocesses.Anyestablishment,Owhetheritisacorporation,asmallbusiness,alargegovernmentagency,anonprofitgroup,orotherinstitution,requiressomeorganizationtooperate.Yet,lik
2、etechnology,organizationscanbebothasolutionandaproblemwhenitcomestooperationalriskmanagement.Appropriateutilizationandcarefulimprovementstoanorganiza-tionarevitaltoeffectiveriskmanagement,includingcommunicationofacompany’sriskappetite,managementofitsbusinessprocesses
3、,andcontrolofitsoperationalrisks.Conversely,inappropriateuseofanorganizationorpoorlyrunorganizationsbecomereasonsforpoorbusinessprocessmanagementandheightenedoperationalrisk.CommunicationIsNecessaryAccordingtoseveralscholars,healingandmedicinewerepracticedinancientci
4、vilizations,suchasMesopotamia,Egypt,andGreece,fromasfarbackas4000b.c.Typically,healingandreligionwereinterrelated,withpeoplelookingtodivineinterventiontoboostthemedicinal219c12.indd21910/24/083:42:11PM220howwegetthereeffectsofherbsandothernaturalsubstances.Suchtreatm
5、entslikelytookplaceinpeople’shomesandinreligiouscentersandtemples.Hospitals,orhealingcenters,existedinsomeforminancientEgypt,Greece,andRome.ManybelievethatthefirstdedicatedhospitalswereestablishedinSriLankainthefourthcenturyb.c.Infact,theruinsofMinhintalHospitalfoundi
6、nSriLankaareconsideredtobefromtheworld’soldesthospital.Hospitalswereusuallyconnectedtoreligion,althoughmilitaryhospitalscroppedupthroughoutEuropeintheMiddleAges.EuropeancolonialistslaterbuilthospitalsinNorthAmericainthe1500sand1600s.Astimewenton,medicalpracticesandte
7、chnologyimprovedandhospitalsbecamebigger.Andashospitalsevolvedandexpanded,theneedforeffectiveorganizationbecamegreaterthanever.Withsuchgrowthandimprovement,hospitalswereexpectedtobecomebetter.Yetevenafter6,000yearsofprogressandadvancementsinmedicine—onFebruary20,2001
8、,tobeprecise—KevinWalsh,a41-yearoldconstructionworker,sufferingfromabloodclotontherightsideofhisbrain,hadsurgeryontheleftsideofhisb
