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1、CollocationalBehaviorofSuch:ADiachronicCorpus-BasedStudyChapterOneIntroduction1.1PrologueSinceFirth(1957:12)pointedout―Youshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps‖,thestudyoncollocationhasattractedmanyattentionsfromlinguisticresearchers.AdoptingasimilarstandpointwithFirth,Sinclairhasdevelopedamod
2、eloflanguagebasedonextendedunitsofmeaning(HereaftertheEUMmodel)thatinvolvelargerpatternsthantheindividualwords.Heproposesthattherearefourkindsoflexicalrelationships,namely,collocation,colligation,semanticpreference,andsemanticprosody(1996).Accordingtohim(1996:80-88),collocationrefersto―the
3、occurrenceoftwoormorewordswithinashortspaceofeachotherinatext‖.As―onestepmoreabstractthancollocation‖,colligationrefersto―theco-occurrenceofgrammaticalchoices‖.Semanticpreferenceis―anotherstageremovedfromtheactualwordsinthetext‖andstresses―theselectedsemanticfeature‖.Semanticprosodyisusedt
4、o―expressthespeaker‘sapprovalordisapproval‖towardthetopicindiscourse.AsStubbscomments(2009:124),Sinclair‘sEUMmodelmakescontributiontolinguistictheoryby―holdingtogethertherelationsoflexis,syntax,semantics,andpragmatics‖.Owingtoitssignificanceininterpretingtherelationsbetweenlexicalitems,the
5、EUMmodelhasbeenadoptedbymanyresearcherstoexaminethecollocationalbehaviorofalexicalitem.Moreover,inthepastfewdecades,withtheconstructionoflargecorporaofmodernEnglish,researchershavebeenabletoinvestigatesuchpatternsascollocation,colligation,semanticpreferenceandsemanticprosody,whichotherwise
6、areunabletobeidentifiedwiththetraditionalapproach.Althoughcorpus-basedstudiesoncollocationbehaviorwiththeEUMmodelhavebeencarriedonandturnedouttobefruitful,researchoncollocationalbehaviorwiththismodelfromthediachronicperspectivereceivedmuchlessattention.Since―lookingintothepastcanbeofgreatv
7、aluetogiveinsightsintohowandwhythelanguageisintheconditionitistoday‖(MorleyandPartington,2009:156),therecallsforanecessitytoprobeintothisfield.Besides,Bolinger(1972:61)arguesthereisatypeoflinguisticchangeinvolvingafunctionalshiftfromidentificationtointensifica