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1、Unit8Passage:Economics––aSurprisinglyBroadSubject[Para1]Moststudentstakingeconomicsforthefirsttimearesurprisedbythebreadthofwhattheystudy.Somethinkthateconomicswillteachthemaboutthestockmarket,say,orwhattodowiththeirmoney.Othersthinkthatitdealsexclusively
2、witheconomicproblemslikeinflationandunemployment.Infact,itdealswithallthesesubjects,buttheyarepiecesofamuchlargerpuzzle.[Para2]Economicshasdeeprootsin,andclosetiesto,socialphilosophy.Anissueofgreatimportancetophilosophers,forexample,isdistributionaljustic
3、e.Whyaresomepeoplerichandotherspoor,andwhatevertheanswer,isthisfair?Anumberofnineteenthcenturysocialphilosopherswrestledwiththesequestionsandoutoftheirmusingseconomicsasaseparatedisciplinewasborn.[Para3]Theeasiestwaytogetafeelforthebreadthanddepthofwhatyo
4、uwillbestudyingistoexplorebrieflythewayeconomicsisorganized.Firstofalltherearetwomajordivisionsofeconomics:microeconomicsandmacroeconomics.MicroeconomicsandMacroeconomics[Para4]Microeconomicsdealswiththefunctioningofindividualindustriesandthebehaviorofind
5、ividualeconomicdecision-makingunits:singlebusinessfirmsandhouseholds.Thechoicesoffirmsaboutwhattoproduce,howmuchtochargeandsoforthandthechoicesofhouseholdsaboutwhattobuyandhowmuchofittobuyhelptoexplainwhytheeconomyproducesthethingsitdoes.[Para5]Anotherbig
6、questionthatmicroeconomicsaddressesiswhogetsthethingsthatareproduced.Thosehouseholdswithhigherincomesormorewealthgetmore,andtheforcesthatdeterminethisdistributionofincomeandwealtharetheprovinceofmicroeconomics.Whydowehavepoverty?Whoispoor?Whydosomejobspay
7、morethanothers?Whydoteachersorplumbersorbaseballpitchersgetpaidwhattheydo?[Para6]Thinkagainaboutallthethingsyouconsumeinaday,andthenthinkbacktothatviewoutoverabigcity.Somebodydecidedtobuildtheroads,buildthehousing,producethecars,knittheT-shirts,andsmoketh
8、ebacon.Why?Whatisgoingoninallthosebuildings?Itiseasytoseethatunderstandingindividualmicrodecisionsisveryimportanttoanyunderstandingofyoursociety.[Para7]Macroeconomicsaddsitallupandlooksattheeconomyasawhole.Insteadof
