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1、Unit10Passage:Patents,Copyrights,andTrademarks(I)[Para1]Youmayalreadyhaveageneralideaofthedistinctionbetweenthebasicformsoflegalprotection,butbeforeweproceed,let’sbrieflyreviewthem.1.UtilityPatents.Thisisapplicablefortheinventionorcreationofabasicnewprocess,machine,manufacture,orcomposi
2、tionofmatter.Theideamustbeprimary,useful,original,andoperational.Utilitypatentsaredesignedtoprovide17yearsofexclusiveuseofanidea.Whattheyactuallydoisgivetheownertherighttosueotherswhomaydecidetobypassthepatent.2.PlantPatent.Here’showagovernmentbookletdescribesthistypeofpatent:Thelawprov
3、idesforthegrantingofapatenttoanyonewhohasinventedordiscoveredandasexuallyreproducedanydistinctandnewvarietyofplant,includingculturedspores,mutants,hybrids,andnewlyfoundseedlings,otherthanatuberpropagatedplantoraplantfoundinanunculturedstate.ThePatentandTrademarkOffice(PTO),whichispartof
4、theDepartmentofCommerce,willusuallyrequirethatthistypeofapplication,unlikeotherpatentapplications,beaccompaniedbyanexhibit.Ifapatentisawarded,it’sgoodfor17years.3.DesignPatent.Thispatentoffersprotectionforaunique,ornamentaldesignoftheexterioroftheproduct.Ithasnothingtodowithhowitworks,o
5、nlywithhowitlooks.Forinstance,AugusteBartholdi,thesculptor,hadadesignpatentontheStatueofLiberty.It’snotillogicaltohaveautilitypatentandadesignpatentonthesameinvention.Onecovershowitworks.Theotherhowitlooks.4.Trademarks.TheU.SDepartmentofCommercehasausefulbookletabouttrademarks,whichcost
6、s$1.25.OrderinginformationisintheAppendix.Accordingtothebooklet,“Atrademarkmaybeaword,symbol,design,orcombinationwordanddesign,asloganorevenadistinctivesoundwhichidentifiesthegoodsandservicesofonepartyfromanother.”“Coke”and“Pepsi”aretrademarks.5.Copyrights.Patentsandtrademarksareissuedb
7、ythePTO.Copyrights,ontheotherhand,comefromtheLibraryofCongress.That’sbecausecopyrightsofferprotectionforartisticandliteraryworks.Bookswillmeritacopyright,aswillworkslikemovies,cartooncharacters,drawings,plays,songs,andsoon.Ifyou’dliketohaveagovernmentpublicationonthissubject,lo
