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1、Unit14Passage:WhatIstheWTO?[Para1]TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)istheonlyglobalinternationalorganizationdealingwiththerulesoftradebetweennations.AtitsheartaretheWTOagreements,negotiatedandsignedbythebulkoftheworld’stradingnationsandratifiedintheirparliaments.Thegoal
2、istohelpproducersofgoodsandservices,exporters,andimportersconducttheirbusiness.Themultilateraltradingsystem—past,presentandfuture[Para2]TheWorldTradeOrganizationcameintobeingin1995.Oneoftheyoungestoftheinternationalorganizations,theWTOisthesuccessortotheGeneralAgree
3、mentonTariffsandTrade(GATT)establishedinthewakeoftheSecondWorldWar.[Para3]SowhiletheWTOisstillyoung,themultilateraltradingsystemthatwasoriginallysetupunderGATTiswellover50yearsold.[Para4]Thepast50yearshaveseenanexceptionalgrowthinworldtrade.Merchandiseexportsgrewona
4、verageby6%annually.Totaltradein2000was22-timesthelevelof1950.GATTandtheWTOhavehelpedtocreateastrongandprosperoustradingsystemcontributingtounprecedentedgrowth.[Para5]Thesystemwasdevelopedthroughaseriesoftradenegotiations,orrounds,heldunderGATT.Thefirstroundsdealtmai
5、nlywithtariffreductionsbutlaternegotiationsincludedotherareassuchasanti-dumpingandnon-tariffmeasures.Thelastround—the1986-94UruguayRound—ledtotheWTO’screation.[Para6]Thenegotiationsdidnotendthere.SomecontinuedaftertheendoftheUruguayRound.InFebruary1997agreementwasre
6、achedontelecommunicationsservices,with69governmentsagreeingtowide-rangingliberalizationmeasuresthatwentbeyondthoseagreedintheUruguayRound.[Para7]Inthesameyear40governmentssuccessfullyconcludednegotiationsfortariff-freetradeininformationtechnologyproducts,and70member
7、sconcludedafinancialservicesdealcoveringmorethan95%oftradeinbanking,insurance,securitiesandfinancialinformation.[Para8]In2000,newtalksstartedonagricultureandservices.ThesehavenowbeenincorporatedintoabroaderagendalaunchedatthefourthWTOMinisterialConferenceinDoha,Qata
8、r,inNovember 2001.[Para9]Theworkprogramme,theDohaDevelopmentAgenda(DDA),addsnegotiationsandotherworkonnon-agriculturaltariffs,tradeandenvi
