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1、二零一二年英国文学选读第二讲补充材料February,2012PartIIntroductionaboutRobertBurnsROBERTBURNS(1759—1796)1786:Poems,ChieflyintheScottishDialect(Kilmarnockedition)1787:Beginscollecting,editing,andwritingsongsforTheScotsMusicalMuseum.Afavoritemythoflatereighteenth-centuryprimitivismswa
2、sthatthereexistnaturalpoetswhowarbletheirnativewoodnoteswild,independentofartorliterarytradition.Theseartlesspoetsweresoughtamongpeasantsandproletarians,whosecasteorruralhabitation,itwasthought,protectedthemfromtheartificialitiescivilizedlifeandculture.WhenRobertBu
3、rnspublishedhisfirstvolumeofPoemsin1786,hewasatoncehailedbytheliteratiofEdinburghasaninstanceofthenaturalgenius,a“Heaven-taughtplowman”whosepoemswerethespontaneousoverflowofhisnativefeelings.Burnsratherenjoyedplayingtheroleofpoetbyinstinct.Butinfacthewasawell-read(
4、althoughlargelyself-educated)manwhosequickintelligenceandsensibilityenabledhimtomakethemostofthelimitedopportunities.AndalthoughhebrokeclearofthecontemporaryconventionsofdecayedEnglishneoclassicism,hedidsonotbyinstinctbutasadeliberatecraftsmanwhoturnedtotwoearliert
5、raditionsforhismodels—theScottishliterarytradition,whichgoesbacktothelateMiddleAges.Hisfather—WilliamBurnes,ashespelledhisname—wasaGod-fearingandhardworkingfarmerofAyrshire,acountyinsouthwesternScotland,whocouldnotmakeagoofitinaperiodofhardtimesandhighrents,anddied
6、in1784,brokeninbodyandinspirit.Robert,withhisbrotherGilbert,wasforcedtodothetoilofamanwhilestillaboy,andbegantodevelopthehearttroubleofwhichhewastodiewhenonlythirty-seven.AlthoughhisfatherhadtheScottishesteemforeducationandsawtoitthathissonsattendedschoolwheneverth
7、eycould,Burns’seducationinliterature,theology,politics,andphilosophycamemainlyfromhisownreading.Attheageoffifteen,hefellinlove,andwasinspiredbythateventtowritehisfirstsong.“Thus,”hesaid,“withmebeganLoveandPoesy.”Afterhereachedmaturity,hecultivatedassiduouslyboththe
8、sepropensities.Hebeganaseriesofamorousaffairs,fatheringin1785thefirstofanumberofillegitimatechildren;healsoextendedgreatlytherangeandquantityofhi
