人才竞争：中国以战略扭转人才外流[文献翻译]

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1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译外文出处InternationalLabourReview;2006(145);p65-89外文作者Zweig,David原文：Competingfortalent:China'sstrategiestoreversethebraindrain.ByZweig,DavidInternationalLabourReviewFormanyyears,governmentsandscholarshavebeenbemusedbybraindrainsthatrobdevelopingcountriesoftheirv

2、aluablehumantalent,astheirbestandbrightestpeoplewhogoabroadtostudyopttostayinthedevelopedworld(Dickson,2003).Despiteitsauthoritarianregime,thePeople'sRepublicofChinahasbeenjustasvulnerabletothisphenomenon.Inrecentyears,however,tensofthousandsofpeopletrainedabroadhavebeenr

3、eturningtoChina.Duringthemid-tolate-1990s,theaverageannualincreaseinthenumberofreturneeswasapproximately13percent,butsince2000,therateofincreasehasrisensharply(seefigure1).AccordingtoSaraviaandMiranda(2004,p.608),thisisalsoreflectedin"asustaineddropinthenumberofdoctoralst

4、udentsfromChina...whoplannedtoremainintheUnitedStatesbeginninginthelate1990s".Admittedly,liberalizationofChina'spolicyontraveloverseashasalsoledtoamassiveincreaseinthenumberofpeoplegoingabroad,sotheproportionofreturneeshasnotincreased.ButChinastilllookssettofollowthepatho

5、ftheRepublicofKoreaandTaiwan(China),whereathrivingeconomyandliberalizedpolityturnedabraindrainintoa"braingain"--althoughChina'sreturnmigrationhaspickedupdespiteitsauthoritarianregimeandlowpercapitaincome.Exploringthereasonsforthisflowofreturnmigration,thisarticlefindsthat

6、centralgovernmentpoliciesandinter-citycompetitionforforeign-trainedscientistsandacademicshavecreatedapositiveatmospherethatencouragesreturnees,whilecompetitionamonguniversities,researchlaboratoriesandenterpriseshasgiventhemexcellentincentives.Indeed,manyinstitutionsnowact

7、ivelyengageinencouragingreturnmigration,whilethecentralGovernmentsetsbroadpolicyguidelines,allocatesfunding,andmouldsanattractivesocio-economicandpoliticalenvironment.Also,overthepast20years,thedifferentlevelsofgovernmentandorganizationsconcernedhavechangedthewaytheyviewa

8、ndrecruitreturnees.Intheearly1990s,thecentralGovernmenthadtolearnthat,inordertoimprovescienceand