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1、人才外流，人才引进和人才流通外文翻译外文翻译原文Braindrain,braingainandbraincirculationMaterrialSource:Globalisation,SocietiesandEducationVol.4,No.1,March2006,pp.1?5Author:SusanL.RobertsonTheterm‘braindrain’,popularisedinthe1950swithreferencetoimmigrationtotheUnitedStates,has,inthepast10years,becomean
2、importantifnotcontroversialpoliticalandeconomicissue.Itsimportancederivesfromtheviewthatpoliticiansandpolicy-makershavethatbrainsarethebasisforacompetitiveedgeintheso-called‘newknowledgeeconomy’.However,itisnotjustanyoldbrain.Rather,theraceisonbetweencountriestoattractthebestbr
3、ainsfromaroundtheworldinordertogeneratetheideasthatwillinturnleadtoinnovations,patentsandprofits.Thequestionfacingpolicy-makers,industryleadersanduniversities,ishowtoattractandkeeptheseindividualsinparticularlocations?whichiswhatmakesthisaparticularlypoliticalmatter?astheyarecl
4、earlymovingfromsomewhere.Muchoftheconcern,then,iswiththemovementofthetalentedandhighlyskilledfromthosecountriesthatcanleastaffordtolosethem,suchasmanyofthesub-SaharanAfricancountries,tocountriesliketheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesofAmerica,FranceandGermany,whoseemtoactlikeamagn
5、etbyofferingbetterconditionsforworkandstudy.Thisseemsparticularlyunfairifthesendingcountryhasinvestedheavilyintheeducationandtrainingofthesestudentsandskilledworkers,onlytolosethemtoanothercountry.Atthesametime,someobserverspointoutthatthisviewfailstotakeaccountoftheremittances
6、thatareoftensentbacktothehomecountry,insomecasesmakingupaverylargeproportionofthenations’grossdomesticproduct.Whatmakestheissuecontroversialisthatopinionisquitesharplydividedastoexactlywhatisgoingon,andhowbesttoassesswhatisgoingon.Thisdivisioncanbeseeninthedifferentviewsontheim
7、plicationsoftheWorldTradeOrganization’sGeneralAgreementonTradeinServices,specificallytheissueofwhatisreferredtoasMode4or‘presenceofnaturalpersons’ineducation.Whatthismeansisthatcountriescommittingtheireducationsectorsarebeingaskedtoremoveanybarrierstothefreemovementofstudentsan
8、dacademicstaff.DevelopingcountriesregardMode4aspotenti
