人才竞争：中国以战略扭转人才外流[文献翻译]

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1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译外文出处InternationalLabourReview;2006(145);p65-89外文作者Zweig,David原文：Competingfortalent:China'sstrategiestoreversethebraindrain.ByZweig,DavidInternationalLabourReviewFormanyyears,governmentsandscholarshavebeenbemusedbybraindrainsthatrobdevelopingcountriesoftheirvaluablehumantalent

2、,astheirbestandbrightestpeoplewhogoabroadtostudyopttostayinthedevelopedworld(Dickson,2003).Despiteitsauthoritarianregime,thePeople'sRepublicofChinahasbeenjustasvulnerabletothisphenomenon.Inrecentyears,however,tensofthousandsofpeopletrainedabroadhavebeenreturningtoChina.Duringthemid-tolate-

3、1990s,theaverageannualincreaseinthenumberofreturneeswasapproximately13percent,butsince2000,therateofincreasehasrisensharply(seefigure1).AccordingtoSaraviaandMiranda(2004,p.608),thisisalsoreflectedin"asustaineddropinthenumberofdoctoralstudentsfromChina...whoplannedtoremainintheUnitedStatesb

4、eginninginthelate1990s".Admittedly,liberalizationofChina'spolicyontraveloverseashasalsoledtoamassiveincreaseinthenumberofpeoplegoingabroad,sotheproportionofreturneeshasnotincreased.ButChinastilllookssettofollowthepathoftheRepublicofKoreaandTaiwan(China),whereathrivingeconomyandliberalizedp

5、olityturnedabraindrainintoa"braingain"--althoughChina'sreturnmigrationhaspickedupdespiteitsauthoritarianregimeandlowpercapitaincome.Exploringthereasonsforthisflowofreturnmigration,thisarticlefindsthatcentralgovernmentpoliciesandinter-citycompetitionforforeign-trainedscientistsandacademicsh

6、avecreatedapositiveatmospherethatencouragesreturnees,whilecompetitionamonguniversities,researchlaboratoriesandenterpriseshasgiventhemexcellentincentives.Indeed,manyinstitutionsnowactivelyengageinencouragingreturnmigration,whilethecentralGovernmentsetsbroadpolicyguidelines,allocatesfunding,

7、andmouldsanattractivesocio-economicandpoliticalenvironment.Also,overthepast20years,thedifferentlevelsofgovernmentandorganizationsconcernedhavechangedthewaytheyviewandrecruitreturnees.Intheearly1990s,thecentralGovernmenthadtolearnthat,inordertoimprovescienceand