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ID:32697171
大小:2.45 MB
页数:52页
时间:2019-02-14
《siolt2gt气凝胶常压制备过程研究》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、中文摘要本文以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,采用两步溶胶.凝胶工艺制备醇凝胶,然后分别将其在水/乙醇(H20/EtoH)溶液、TEOS/EtOH溶液中进行两步老化,在异丙醇/三甲基氯硅烷/正已烷(IPA/TMCS/n.Hexane)溶液中进行表面改性得到疏水型块状气凝胶,并对制备的气凝胶主要性能进行了研究。在溶液中老化会引起气凝胶的收缩,温度越高,收缩越大;随着时问的延长,收缩是先增加后减小再增加。将醇凝胶在30v01%H20/EtOH溶液中60℃下老化24小时,在70voI%TEOS/EtOH溶液中70℃下老化16
2、小时收缩最小;在60℃下IPA/TMCS/n.Hexane溶液中表面改性48小时总收缩会有所减小。以上述方法制备的气凝胶块体疏水性能优异,接触角接近1800,在水中浸泡一周后其质量变化率仅为7.69%,经300。C热处理的气凝胶疏水性能有所降低,浸入水中开始时质量急剧变化,3天后增加近2倍,其后质量几乎不变,说明热处理改变了凝胶中气孔的结构,使其连通性更好,更有利于对水的吸收,并且亲水基团也有所增加。另外,通过气凝胶的小角X射线散射实验,研究了它的Porod散射和分形结构。不论是否加入DCCA,气凝胶中气.固两相问都存
3、在明显的界面,满足Porod定理,但加入DCCA后会影响Porod常数的大小;DCCA对气凝胶体分形维数有较大的影响,而对表面分形维数的影响较小;另外也研究了加入DCCA后对材料分形特性范围的影响。关键词:气凝胶疏水性分形结构常压制各多孔材料ABSTRACTSilicaaerogelswerepreparedbya2-stepacid·-basecatalyzedsol··geltechniqueusingtetraethyoxysiliane(TEOS)asaprecursor.Thehydrophobicandmo
4、nolithicsilicaaerogelscouldbemadeafteraginginHEO/EtOHandTEOS/EtOHsolutionsrespectivelyandsurfacemodifyinginIPA/TMCS/n-Hexanesolutions.Themainpropertiesoftheaerogelswerealsostudied.Aginginacertainsolutionwillcausesomeshrinkage,whichwillbeincreasedastheincreasingo
5、ftemperature.Withtheextensionofagingtime,theshrinkageoftheaerogelswillfirstlybeincreasedandthendecreasedafterafewhoursandincreasedagainifthetimeislongenough.Thelowestshrinkagewillbeobtainedwhenthealcogelsarefirstlyagingat30v01%H20/EtOHsolutionsfor24hoursat60"C,f
6、ollowedbyat70v01%TEOS/EtOHsolutionsfor16hoursat70℃.ThetotalshrinkagewillbedecreasedafterSul屯acemodificationatIPA/TMCS/n—Hexanesolutionsfor48hoursat60。Csubsequently.Themonolithicsilicaaerogelspreparedbytheabovemethodshaveanexcellenthydrophobicproperty,withacontac
7、tanglenearlyabout1800.Thelnagsvariationratioofaerogelisonly7.69%whenimmersedintowaterforaweek.Thehydrophobicpropertywilldeteriorateafter300*Cheat—treatment,asitsmassissharplyincreasedalmost2timesattheinitialthreedaysafterimmersedintowater.Butitwillnotchangeatthe
8、following4days.Soitisindicatedthattheporesstructureintheaerogelshasbeenchangedafterheat—treatment,whichisinfavoroftheabsorptionofwaterastheconnectivityofporesisbecome
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