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1、Unit11.主观题2.HowdidtheNormanConquestandtheRenaissanceinfluencetheEnglishvocabulary?Thetransitionalperiod(转型时期)fromOldEnglishtoModernEnglishisknownasMiddleEnglish(ME1100----1500),whichischaracterizedbythestronginfluenceofFrenchfollowingtheNormanConquestin1066,Frenchwasusedforallstate
2、affairsandformostsocialandculturematters,whichinfluencedEnglishindailylife.TheEnglishlanguagefrom1500tothepresentiscalledModernEnglish.IntheearlystageofthisperiodtheRenaissance(文艺复兴)broughtgreatchangetothevocabulary.Therenewed(复兴的)studyofGreekintheRenaissancenotonlyledtotheborrowin
3、gofGreekwordsindirectlythroughthemedium(媒介)ofLatin,butalsoledtotheintroductionofsomeGreekwordsdirectlyintoEnglishvocabulary.Greekborrowingsweremostlyliterary,technicalandscientificwords,(page4~5)3.Enumeratethecausesfortherapidgrowthofneologisms(新词,旧词新意,新词的创造者/使用者)afterWorldWarⅡ.Giv
4、efourexamplesforeachcause.①markedprogressofscienceandtechnology.Example:toblastoff(炸掉,炸毁),tocountdown,capsule,launchingpad②socio-economic(社会经济),politicalandculturalchanges.Example:roller-hockey,surfriding,skydiving(跳伞运动),disignatedhitter③theinfluencefromotherculturesandlanguages(pa
5、ge6~7)Example:cosmonaut,discotheque(小舞厅,迪斯科舞厅),ombudsman(调查官员舞弊情况的政府官员),apartheid(种族隔离).4.Whatarethefundamentalfeaturesofthebasicwordstock(词库)oftheEnglishvocabulary?(1).Nationalcharacter(全民通用性):Wordsofthebasicwordstockbelongtothepeopleasawhole,nottoalimitedgroup.(2).Stability(稳定性):
6、Aswordsinthebasicwordstockdenotethecommonestthingsnecessarytolife,theyarelikelytoremainunchanged.However,acertainnumberofOldEnglishwordshavedroppedoutofthebasicwordstock,whilenewwordshavejoinedtherankofbasicwords,followingsocialandtechnologicalchanges.(3).Word-formingability(构词):Ba
7、sicwordsareveryactiveinformingnewwords.(4).Abilitytoformcollocations(搭配能力):Basicwordscombinereadilywithotherwordstoformhabitualexpressionsandphrases.Sincethegreatmajorityofthebasicwordstockarenativewords,theyarenaturallytheonesusedmostfrequentlyineverydayspeechandwriting.(Page10par
8、agraph4,5,7,8andPage11para