A contrastive study of metaphor in English and Chinese cultures.

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1、ResearchProposalTitle:acontrastivestudyofmetaphorinEnglishandChinesecultures院别信息学院英语系学年（学期）2011-2012学年（第1学期）年级（班）2008级（2班）学生姓名学号2011年11月11日IXa.Titleoftheproject.AcontrastivestudyofmetaphorinEnglishandChinesecultures.b.Summaryoftheproject.Thescholarsinwesterncountrieshavestudiedmetaphorsforalo

2、ngtime.TherehavebeengenerallythreeperiodssincetheAristotletimes:thefirstperiodistherhetoricstudyofmetaphorsbeforethe1930s;thesecondperiodisthesemanticstudyofmetaphorsfrom1930sto1970s;thethirdperiodisthemulti-disciplinarystudyofmetaphorsafterthe1970s.Ametaphorisafigureofspeechwherecomparisonis

3、implied.Itisalsoacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementswithasimilarquality.Butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimplied,notexpressedwiththeword"as"or"like".gimpliedcomparison.Metaphorhastraditionallybeenconstruedasalinguisticphenomenon:assomethingIXproducedandunderstoodbyspeakersofnaturallanguage.Sou

4、nderstood,metaphorsarenaturally,metaphorisafigureofspeechwherecomparisonisimplied.a.Purposeoftheproject.Metaphororiginatesfrompeople’slives,andplaysaveryimportantroleinpeople’slives.Metaphorisnowadaysnotonlyregardedasafigureofspeechbutalsoanimportanttoolinculturecommunication.Thisthesistriest

5、oexploresomedifferencesinmetaphorbetweenChineseandWesternculture,andthushelpsinthepromotionoftheculturecommunicationbetweenChineseandWesterncountries.b.Literaturereview.Metaphororiginatesfrompeople’slives,andplaysaveryimportantroleinpeople’slives.Nowadays,thedefinitionsofmetaphorcanbefoundcon

6、venientlyindictionaries.AccordingtotheWebster’sNewWorldDictionary,metaphorisdefinedas:“afigureofspeechinwhichonethingislikenedtoanother,IXdifferentthingbybeingsspokenofasifitweretheother;impliedcomparison,inwhichawordorphraseordinarilyandprimarilyuseofonethingisappliedtoanother.”(Webster’sNew

7、WorldDictionary,1979:1132)Metaphorisusedasarhetoricaldevicewhichmakescomparisonbetweentwoelements,unlikesimile,thiskindofcomparisonisimpliednotstated.PeterNewmarkreferredtometaphoras:“thetransferredsenseofaphysicalword;thepersonificationofabs