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1、NAME?Name：LiEr（李耳）；LiDan（李聃）Courtesyname：BoYang（伯阳）《史记·卷063·老子列传》：“老子者，楚苦县厉乡曲仁里人也。姓李氏，名耳，字聃，周守藏室之史也。”《史记正义》：“老子，楚国苦县厉乡曲仁里人也。姓李，名耳，字伯阳。一名重耳，外字聃。身长八尺八寸，黄色美眉，长耳大目，广额疏齿，方口厚唇，日月角悬，鼻有双柱。周时人，李母怀胎八十一年而生。”TaoismLaoziandTaoismLuXunsaid:"ChinarootsdeepinTaoism.IfonewantstocomprehendChinesehistoryandcu
2、lture,onemustcomprehendTaoismfirst."YinandYangTheYin/Yangsymbolisoneoftheoldestandbest-knownlifesymbolsintheworld,butfewunderstanditsfullmeaning.ItrepresentsoneofthemostfundamentalandprofoundtheoriesofancientTaoistphilosophy.Atitsheartarethetwopolesofexistence,whichareoppositebutcomplementa
3、ry.Thelight,whiteYangmovingupblendsintothedark,blackYinmovingdown.YinandYangaredependentopposingforcesthatflowinanaturalcycle,alwaysseekingbalance.Thoughtheyareopposing,theyarenotinoppositiontooneanother.AspartoftheTao,theyaremerelytwoaspectsofasinglereality.Eachcontainstheseedoftheother,wh
4、ichiswhyweseeablackspotofYininthewhiteYangandviceversa.Theydonotmerelyreplaceeachotherbutactuallybecomeeachotherthroughtheconstantflowoftheuniverse.Thesymbolisavisualdepictionoftheintertwineddualityofallthingsinnature,acommonthemeinTaoism.ItisbelievedtobederivedfromtheTaijitu(DiagramoftheUl
5、timatePower).Yinyangarecomplementaryoppositeswithinagreaterwhole.Everythinghasbothyinandyangaspects,althoughyinoryangelementsmaymanifestmorestronglyindifferentobjectsoratdifferenttimes.Yinyangconstantlyinteracts,neverexistinginabsolutestasis.Theconceptofyinandyangisoftensymbolizedbyvariousf
6、ormsoftheTaijitusymbol,forwhichitisprobablybestknowninwesterncultures.Thenatureofyin–yangInTaoistphilosophy,yinandyangarisetogetherfromaninitialquiescenceoremptiness(wuji,sometimessymbolizedbyanemptycircle),andcontinuemovingintandem(双)untilquiescence（静止）isreachedagain.Yinandyangarealwaysopp
7、ositeandequalqualities.Further,wheneveronequalityreachesitspeak,itwillnaturallybegintotransformintotheoppositequality:forexample,grainthatreachesitsfullheightinsummer(fullyyang)willproduceseedsanddiebackinwinter(fullyyin)inanendlesscycle.Itisimpossibleto
