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1、TEXTAproblemofmarkettheoryisthatthetheoryusesonlyonelogicalapproach.Thetheorystartsfromtheassumptionsandappliesdeductivereasoningtoarriveattheconclusion.Thisapplicationisnotitselffaulty,butthereareotherformsofreasoningthatshouldbeappliedforthefollowingreasons:(1)itisw
2、ellknownthattheassumptionsarenotstrictlytrue;and(2)theargumentimpliesthattheassumptionsandtheresultaregoingonsimultaneously.Theymustoccurtogethertomaintaintheequilibriumstate,soasamatteroflogicalcoherence,itisappropriatetoseeiftheyareotherwiseindependentandinternallyc
3、onsistent.Therefore,itisappropriatetoseeifanyalternativeandequallyreasonablelogiccouldleadtoadifferentconclusion.UnitTwenty WhytheLogicFails —RogerMannInthiscase,severalalternativeandreasonablelinesofthinkingleadtotheconclusionthattheassumptionsmaynotbetrue.Theassumpt
4、ionsshouldnotbetakenasgivensbecauseunbiasedreasoningmustleadtotheirre-examination.Onegeneralargumentagainstmarkettheoryisthattheassumptionsareinternallyinconsistent.Therearetwodifferentargumentsofthistype:Argument1findsthattheassumptionsofperfectinformation,freedomofe
5、ntry,andwell-definedrightsarenotconsistent—theycannotallbetrue.Argument2findsthatmaximizationmayconflictwithallotherassumptions.Argument3findsthattheconventionallineofreasoningisincomplete.Theequilibriumresultofdownwardslopingdemand,stableequilibrium,andeconomicsurplu
6、sislogicallyinconsistentwiththemaximizationassumption.Thestaticresultofmarketequilibriummeansthatsomeeconomicplayershavetheresources(economicsurplus),themotive(profitmaximization),andtheincentive(downwardslopingdemand,amongotherthings)toescapeorcontrolmarkets.UnitTwen
7、ty WhytheLogicFails —RogerMannThedeductivereasoningofmarkettheoryarguesinthisway:IfA(maximization)andB(Assumptions2through6),thenC(equilibrium).Argument1findsthatBisnotafeasiblesetifcreation,innovation,orproductionofnewthingsareallowed.Argument2reasonsthat,givenA,then
8、notBandthereforenotC.Argument3findsthat,startingwithCandallowingforanyfeasiblealternativetoB,thennotBandthereforenotC.Allthr
