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1、AutomobileBrakeSystemThebreakingsystemisthemostimportantsystemincars.Ifthebreaksfail,theresultcanbedisastrous.Brakesareactuallyconversiondevices,whichconvertthekineticenergy(momentum)ofthevehicleintothermalenergy(heat).Whensteppingonthebrakes,thedrivercommandsastoppingforcetentimesaspowerfulasth
2、eforcethatputsthecarinmotion.Thebrakingsystemcanexertthousandsofpoundsofpressureoneachofthefourbrakes.Twocompleteindependentbrakingsystemareusedonthecar.Theyaretheservicebrakeandtheparkingbrake.Theservicebrakeactstoslow,stop,orholdthevehicleduringnormaldriving.Theyarefoot-operatedbythedriverdepr
3、essingandreleasingthebrakepedal.Theprimarypurposeofthebrakeisholdthevehiclestationarywhileitisunattended.Theparkingbrakeismechanicallyoperatedbywhenaseparateparkingbrakefootpedalorhandleverisset.Thebrakesystemiscomposedofthefollowingbasiccomponents:the“mastercylinder”whichislocatedunderthehood,a
4、ndisdirectlyconnectedtothebrakepedal,convertsdriversfoot’smechanicalpressureintohydraulicpressure.Steel“brakelines”andflexible“brakehoses”connectthemastercylindertothe“slavecylinder”locatedateachwheel.Brakefluid,speciallydesignedtoworkinextremeconditions,fillthesystem.“Shoes”and“pads”arepushedby
5、theslavecylinderstocontactthe“drums”and“rotors”thuscausingdrag,which(hopefully)slowsthecar.Thetypicalbrakesystemconsistsofdiskbrakesinfrontandeitherdiskofdrumbrakesintherearconnectedbyasystemoftubesandhosesthatlinkthebraketoateachwheeltothemastercylinder(Figure).Basically,allcarbrakesarefriction
6、brakes.Whenthedriverappliesthebrake,thecontroldeviceforcesbrakesshoes,orpads,againsttherotatingbrakedrumordiskatwheel.Frictionbetweentheshoesorpadsandthedrumsordisksthenslowsorstopsthewheelsothatthecarisbraked.Inmostmodernbrakesystems,thereisafluid-filledcylinder,calledmastercylinder,whichcontai
7、nstwoseparatesections,thereisapistonineachsectionandbothpistonsareconnectedtoabrakepedalinthedriver’scompartment.Whenthebrakepusheddown,brakefluidissentformthemastercylindertothewheels.Atthewheels,thefluidpushesshoes,orpads,
