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1、附录1HydraulicBrakeSystemsThebrakingsystemisthemostimportantsystemincars.Ifthebrakesystemfail,theresultcanbedisastrous.Whenyousteponthebrakepedal,youexpectthevehicletostop.Thebrakepedaloperatesahydraulicsystemthatisusedfortworeasons.First,fluidunderpressur
2、ecanbecarriedtoallpartsofthevehiclebysmallhosesormetallineswithouttakingupalotofroomorcausingroutingproblems.Second,thehydraulicfluidoffersagreatmechanicaladvantage-littlefootpressureisrequiredonthepedal,butagreatdealofpressureisgeneratedatthewheels.Theb
3、rakepedalislinkedtoapistoninthebrakemastercylinder,whichisfilledwithhydraulicbrakefluid.Themastercylinderconsistsofacylindercontainingasmallpistonandafluidreservoir.Modernmastercylindersareactuallytwoseparatecylinders.Suchasystemiscalledadualcircuit,beca
4、usethefrontcylinderisconnectedtothefrontbrakesandtherearcylindertotherearbrakes.(Somevehiclesareconnecteddiagonally.)Thetwocylindersareactuallyseparated,allowingforemergencystoppingpowershouldonepartofthesystemfail.Theentirehydraulicsystemfromthemastercy
5、lindertothewheelsisfullofhydraulicbrakefluid.Whenthebrakepedalisdepressed,thepistonsinthemastercylinderareforcedtomove,exertingtremendousforceonthefluidinthelines.Thefluidhasnowheretogo,andforcesthewheelcylinderpistons(drumbrakes)orcaliperpistons(discbra
6、kes)toexertpressureonthebrakeshoesorpads.Thefrictionbetweenthebrakeshoeandwheeldrumorthebrakepadandrotor(disc)slowsthevehicleandeventuallystopsit.Alsoattachedtothebrakepedalisaswitchthatlightsthebrakelightsasthepedalisdepressed.Thelightsstayonuntilthebra
7、kepedalisreleasedandreturnstoitsnormalposition.Eachwheelcylinderinadrumbrakesystemcontainstwopistons,oneateitherend,whichpushoutwardinoppositedirections.Indiscbrakesystems,thewheelcylindersarepartofthecaliper(therecanbeasmanyasfourorasfewasone).Whetherdi
8、scordrumtype,allpistonsusesometypeofrubbersealtopreventleakagearoundthepiston,andarubberdustbootsealstheouterendsofthewheelcylindersagainstdirtandmoisture.Whenthebrakepedalisreleased,aspringpushesthemastercylinderpistonsba
