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1、附录1BRAKESYSTEMThebrakingsystemisthemostimportantsystemincars.Ifthebrakesfail,theresultcanbedisastrous.Brakesareactuallyenergyconversiondevices,whichconvertthekineticenergy(momentum)ofthevehicleintothermalenergy(heat).Thebrakesystemiscomposedofthefollowingbasiccomponents:the“mastercylinder”、
2、“brakelines”、“brakehoses”、“slavecylinders”.“brakedisk”“fillerblock”andsoon.Thetypicalbrakesystemconsistsofdiskbrakesinfrontandeitherdiskordrumbrakesintherearconnectedbyasystemoftubesandhosesthatlinkthebrakeateachwheeltothemastercylinder.Steppingonthebrakepedal,aplungerisactuallybeenpushinga
3、gainstinthemastercylinderwhichforceshydraulicoil(brakefluid)throughaseriesoftubesandhosestothebrakingunitateachwheel.Sincehydraulicfluid(oranyfluidforthatmatter)cannotbecompressed,pushingfluidthroughapipeisjustlikepushingasteelbarthroughapipe.Unlikeasteelbar,however,fluidcanbedirectedthroug
4、hmanytwistsandturnsonitswaytoitsdestination,arrivingwiththeexactsamemotionandpressurethatitstartedwith.Itisveryimportantthatthefluidispureliquidandthattherearenoairbubblesinit.Aircancompress,whichcausesasponginesstothepedalandseverelyreducedbrakingefficiency.Ifairissuspected,thenthesystemmu
5、stbebledtoremovetheair.Thereare“bleederscrews”ateachwheelcylinderandcaliperforthispurpose.Withdrumbrakes,fluidisforcedintothewheelcylinderwhichpushesthebrakeshoesoutsothatthefrictionliningsarepressedagainstthedrumwhichisattachedtothewheel,causingthewheeltostop.Onadiskbrake,thefluidfromthema
6、stercylinderisforcedintoacaliperwhereitpressesagainstapiston.Thepiston,in-turn,squeezestwobrakepadsagainstthedisk(rotor)whichisattachedtothewheel,forcingittoslowdownorstop.Thisprocessissimilartoabicyclebrakewheretworubberpadsrubagainstthewheelrimcreatingfriction.Ineithercase,thefrictionsurf
7、acesofthepadsonadiskbrakesystem,ortheshoesonadrumbrakeconverttheforwardmotionofthevehicleintoheat.Heatiswhatcausesthefrictionsurfaces(linings)ofthepadsandshoestoeventuallywearoutandrequirereplacement.DrumBrakesSoifdiskbrakesaresogreat,howcomewestillhavec
