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1、MeaningRelationsSynonymyAntonymyHyponymyPolysemyHomonymySynonymyderivedfromGreeksynomymon,oflikemeaningorlikenameSynonymsaretraditionallydefinedaswordsdifferinginsoundformbutidenticalorsimilarinmeaning.SynonymyTheThirdWebsterdefinesitas“awordhavingthesame
2、meaningasanotherword:asoneoftwoormorewordsofthesamelanguageandgrammaticalcategoryhavingthesameessentialorgenericmeaninganddifferingonlyinconnotation,application,oridiomaticuse:oneoftwoormorewordshavingessentiallyidenticaldefinitions….”.SynonymsCompletesyn
3、onyms:twowordsaretotallysynonymousonlyiftheyarefullyidenticalinmeaningandinterchangeableinanycontextwithouttheslightestalterationinconnotative,affectiveandstylisticmeaningsscarletfever---scarletinawordformation---wordbuildingmotherland---fatherlandmothert
4、ongue---nativelanguageRelativeSynonymsRelativesynonyms:quasi-synonymouswords,differingfromcompletesynonymsinshadeofmeaningcf.finish,complete,close,conclude,end,terminate,finalizeanger,rage,fury,indignation,wrathinstylisticmeaningcf.todie,topassaway,tokick
5、thebuckettochide,toberate,toscold,toblame,tocarpet,totelloff,tobawloutRelativeSynonymsinemotivemeaningNegro,nigger,black;thrifty,miserly,niggardly,frugal;bravery,foolhardiness;firm,pigheaded;inrangeofuse:aboutandonRelativeSynonymsincollocationpretty(girl,
6、child,flower,garden,color,village,cottage)handsome(boy,man,car,table,overcoat,airliner,house)aflockofsheep,aherdofelephants,ashoaloffish,aswarmofbees;tosailasmallboat,tonavigatealiner;rancidbutter(bacon),addledeggs(brains)RelativeSynonymsinBritishandAmeri
7、canusagesickandill,sidewalkandpavement,gasandpetrol,movieandfilm,elevatorandlift,canandtin,mailandpost,railroadandrailway,callboxandtelephonebooth,taxirankandcabstand,mufflerandsilencer,sedanandsaloon,rangerandcommandoThedoublescalepatternNativeLatinheart
8、ycordialHelpaidInnerinteriorMotherlymaternalSharpacuteWorlduniverseNativeLatindalevalleydeedactionfoeenemymeedrewardThetriplescalepatternNativeFrenchLatinaskquestioninterrogatefastfirmsecurefireflameconflagrationris
