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ID:20358889
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时间:2018-10-12
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1、Lesson1Thegreatestachievementofhumaninitslongevolutionfromancienthominoidancestortoitspresentstatusistheacquisitionandaccumulationofavastbodyofknowledgeaboutitself,theworld,andtheuniverse.Theproductsofthisknowledgeareallthosethingsthat,intheaggregate,wecall“civilization”,including
2、language,science,literature,art,allthephysicalmechanisms,instruments,andstructuresweuse,andthephysicalinfrastructuresonwhichsocietyrelies.Mostofusassumethatinmodernsocietyknowledgeofallkindsiscontinuallyincreasingandtheaggregationofnewinformationintothecorpusofoursocialorcollectiv
3、eknowledgeissteadilyreducingtheareaofignoranceaboutourselves,theworld,andtheuniverse.Butcontinuingremindersofthenumerousareasofourpresentignoranceinviteacriticalanalysisofthisassumption.人类从古代的类人猿祖先发展到现状的及其漫长的过程中的最大成就是获取并积累了大量关于自身、世界和宇宙的知识。总的来说,我们将这种知识的所有产物称之为“文明”,包括语言、科学、文学、艺术,我们所
4、应用的所有物理学、工具、结构,以及社会所以存的物质基础。大多数人认为,随着现代社会各种知识不断增加新信息不断积聚,我们对自身、世界、宇宙的未知正在稳步减少。但是,人类至今对诸多领域的无知使得我们要对这种观点进行批判分析。Lesson2Moreover,beforelamentingmodularization,itisnecessarytoaskourselveswhetherwereallywouldprefertoreturntothetraditionalconditionofmaninwhicheachindividualpresumablyrel
5、atedtothewholepersonalityofafewpeopleratherthantothepersonalitymodulesofmany.Traditionalmanhasbeensosentimentalized,socloyinglyromanticized,thatwefrequentlyoverlooktheconsequencesofsuchareturn.Theverysamewriterswholamentfragmentationalsodemandfreedom—yetoverlooktheun-freedomofpeop
6、leboundtogetherintotalisticrelationship.Foranyrelationshipimpliesmutualdemandsandexpectations.Themoreintimatelyinvolvedarelationship,thegreaterthepressurethepartiesexertononeanothertofulfilltheseexpectations.Thetighterandmoretotalistictherelationship,themoremodules,sotospeak,arebr
7、oughtintoplay,andthemorenumerousarethedemandswemake.此外,我们在惋惜感叹模块化之前有必要自问我们是否真的愿意回归传统,每个人只与少数几个人做全面深入的了解接触而不是与众多的人做有限的接触。传统的人流于感伤,多生浪漫,以至于我们经常忽略其带来的后果。那个哀叹人际破碎的作者同样需要自由,只是他忽略了严格人际关系下人的不自由。人际关系意味着彼此的需求与期望。私交越亲密意味着彼此实现这些期望的压力越大。可以这么说,严格完整模块化的人际关系能够更有效地满足我们更多的需求。Inamodularrelationship
8、,thedemandsarestrictlybounded.Sol
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