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1、reviewarticleQuantuminformationandcomputationCharlesH.Bennett&DavidP.DiVincenzoIBMResearchDivision,T.J.WatsonResearchCenter,YorktownHeights,NewYork10598,USA....................................................................................................................
2、........................................................................................................................................................Ininformationprocessing,asinphysics,ourclassicalworldviewprovidesanincompleteapproximationtoanunderlyingquantumreality.Q
3、uantumeffectslikeinterferenceandentanglementplaynodirectroleinconventionalinformationprocessing,buttheycanÐinprinciplenow,butprobablyeventuallyinpracticeÐbeharnessedtobreakcodes,createunbreakablecodes,andspeedupotherwiseintractablecomputations.Informationandcomputationthe
4、oryhaveundergoneaspurtofclassicalinformationandquantumentanglement.Classicalinfor-newgrowth,andarenewaloftheirhistoricconnectiontobasicmationcanbecopiedatwill,butcanonlybetransmittedforwardinphysics,astheyhaveexpandedtotreattheintacttransmissionandtime,toareceiverinthesen
5、der'sforwardlightcone.Entanglementprocessingofquantumstates,andtheinteractionofsuch`quantumincontrast,cannotbecopied,butcanconnectanytwopointsininformation'withtraditionalformsofinformation.Wemayspace±time.Conventionaldataprocessingoperationsdestroywonderwhythisdidnothapp
6、enearlier,asquantumprinciplesentanglement,butquantumoperationscancreateitanduseitforhavelongbeenacceptedasfundamentaltoallofphysics.Perhapsvariouspurposes,suchasspeedingupcertainclassicalcomputa-thefoundersofinformationandcomputationtheory,suchastionsandassistinginthetran
7、smissionofclassicalinformationorShannon,TuringandvonNeumann,weretooaccustomedtointactquantumstates.Partofthenewquantuminformationtheorythinkingofinformationprocessinginmacroscopicterms,notyetisthequalitativeandquantitativestudyofentanglement,anditshavingbeforethemthepower
8、fulexamplesofthegeneticcodeandinteractionswithclassicalinformation.ever-shrinkingmicroelectronic
